основа

Bulgarian

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *osnova.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [oˈsnɔvɐ]

• Audio (Standard Bulgarian):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔvɐ
• Syllabification^(key): о‧сно‧ва
• Hyphenation^(key): ос‧но‧ва

Noun

осно́ва • (osnóva) f (relational adjective осно́вен)

1. foundation, fundament, substructure (the lowest load-bearing part of a building, typically underground)

   Synonyms: теме́л (temél), фундаме́нт (fundamént)

   В основите се забиват грамадни железни пилони.

   V osnovite se zabivat gramadni železni piloni.

   Huge iron pylons are driven into the foundations.

2. base, bottom, foot (the lowest or widest part of an object or landform)

   Урвата беше още от основите си стръмна.

   Urvata beše ošte ot osnovite si strǎmna.

   The ravine was steep from its very base.

   Очите му бяха леко сближени в основата на носа.

   Očite mu bjaha leko sbliženi v osnovata na nosa.

   His eyes were slightly close together at the bridge (lit. base) of the nose.

3. (figuratively) basis, foundation, groundwork, principle (fundamental assumptions or conditions)

   Synonyms: ба́за (báza), опо́ра (opóra)

   Тези идеи са легнали в основите на първобитните религии.

   Tezi idei sa legnali v osnovite na pǎrvobitnite religii.

   These ideas lay at the foundation of primitive religions.

4. (weaving) warp (the threads that run lengthwise in a woven fabric)

   Antonym: въ́тък (vǎ́tǎk)

   Снахите му изнесоха дебело кросно, изопнаха основата.

   Snahite mu iznesoha debelo krosno, izopnaha osnovata.

   His daughters-in-law brought out a thick beam and stretched the warp.

5. (linguistics) stem (the part of the word that remains unchanged during inflection)

   Тази част на думата, която остава, след като се отдели окончанието, се нарича основа.

   Tazi čast na dumata, kojato ostava, sled kato se otdeli okončanieto, se nariča osnova.

   The part of the word that remains after the ending is removed is called the stem.

6. (geometry) base (the side or face of a geometric figure to which an altitude is drawn)

   Двете успоредни сечения на призмата се наричат основи.

   Dvete usporedni sečenija na prizmata se naričat osnovi.

   The two parallel sections of the prism are called bases.

7. (algebra) base (number raised to a power)
8. (chemistry) base (a compound that reacts with an acid to form a salt)

   натриева основа

   natrieva osnova

   Sodium hydroxide (lit. base).

   Сложно-кислородните тела се делят на три вида: киселини, основи и соли.

   Složno-kislorodnite tela se deljat na tri vida: kiselini, osnovi i soli.

   Complex oxygenated bodies are divided into three types: acids, bases, and salts.

9. (art) ground, background (the surface or background color on which a painting or decoration is applied)

   Synonym: фон (fon)

   Килим с червени шарки на златиста основа.

   Kilim s červeni šarki na zlatista osnova.

   A carpet with red patterns on a golden background.

Declension

Declension of осно́ва

	singular	plural
indefinite	осно́ва osnóva	осно́ви osnóvi
definite	осно́вата osnóvata	осно́вите osnóvite

Derived terms

• осно́вен (osnóven), осно́вно (osnóvno)
• основа́вам impf (osnovávam), основа́ pf (osnová)
• основа́тел (osnovátel), основа́телка (osnovátelka)
• основа́телен (osnovátelen), основа́телно (osnovátelno), основа́телност (osnovátelnost)

References

• “осно́ва¹, осно́ва²”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• “основа (1)”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., Duridanov, I. V., editors (1995), “основа”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 4 (мѝнго² – па̀дам), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, pages 941-942

Etymology 2

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₃ebʰi

Proto-Balto-Slavic *ab

Proto-Slavic *o(b)

Old Church Slavonic о- (o-)

Bulgarian о- (o-)

Proto-Indo-European *snewH-der.

Proto-Balto-Slavic *snauˀ-der.

Proto-Slavic *snovati

Bulgarian снова (snova)

Bulgarian основа́

From о- (o-) + снова (snova).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [osnoˈvɤ]
• Rhymes: -vɤ
• Syllabification^(key): о‧сно‧ва
• Hyphenation^(key): ос‧но‧ва

Verb

основа́ • (osnová) first-singular present indicative, pf (imperfective основа́вам)

1. (transitive) to found, to establish, to set up, to institute

   Synonyms: създа́м (sǎzdám), учредя́ (učredjá)

   Кирил основа́ фирмата през 2017 годи́на.

   Kiril osnová firmata prez 2017 godína.

   Kiril founded the company in 2017.

2. (transitive) to base, to ground

   Synonyms: бази́рам (bazíram), опра́ (oprá)

   Той основа́ те́зата си на исто́рически фа́кти.

   Toj osnová tézata si na istóričeski fákti.

   He based his thesis on historical facts.

Conjugation

    Conjugation of основа́ (conjugation 1.2, perfective, transitive)

participles		present active participle	past active aorist participle	past active imperfect participle	past passive participle	verbal noun	adverbial participle
masculine	indefinite	—	основа́л osnovál	основя́л osnovjál	основа́н osnován		—
	definite subject form	—	основа́лият osnoválijat	—	основа́ният osnovánijat
	definite object form	—	основа́лия osnoválija	—	основа́ния osnovánija
feminine	indefinite	—	основа́ла osnovála	основя́ла osnovjála	основа́на osnována
	definite	—	основа́лата osnoválata	—	основа́ната osnovánata
neuter	indefinite	—	основа́ло osnoválo	основя́ло osnovjálo	основа́но osnováno	—
	definite	—	основа́лото osnováloto	—	основа́ното osnovánoto	—
plural	indefinite	—	основа́ли osnováli	основе́ли osnovéli	основа́ни osnováni	—
	definite	—	основа́лите osnoválite	—	основа́ните osnovánite	—

person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present		основа́ osnová	основе́ш osnovéš	основе́ osnové	основе́м osnovém	основе́те osnovéte	основа́т osnovát
imperfect		основя́х osnovjáh	основе́ше osnovéše	основе́ше osnovéše	основя́хме osnovjáhme	основя́хте osnovjáhte	основя́ха osnovjáha
aorist		основа́х osnováh	основа́ osnová	основа́ osnová	основа́хме osnováhme	основа́хте osnováhte	основа́ха osnováha
future	pos.	Use ще followed by the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense
future in the past	pos.	Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense
present perfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and основа́л m, основа́ла f, основа́ло n, or основа́ли pl
past perfect		Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and основа́л m, основа́ла f, основа́ло n, or основа́ли pl
future perfect		Use the future indicative tense of съм and основа́л m, основа́ла f, основа́ло n, or основа́ли pl
future perfect in the past		Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and основа́л m, основа́ла f, основа́ло n, or основа́ли pl
renarrative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and основя́л m, основя́ла f, основя́ло n, or основе́ли pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and основа́л m, основа́ла f, основа́ло n, or основа́ли pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and основа́л m, основа́ла f, основа́ло n, or основа́ли pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and основа́л m, основа́ла f, основа́ло n, or основа́ли pl
dubitative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and основя́л m, основя́ла f, основя́ло n, or основе́ли pl
aorist		Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and основа́л m, основа́ла f, основа́ло n, or основа́ли pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		none
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and основа́л m, основа́ла f, основа́ло n, or основа́ли pl
conclusive		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and основя́л m, основя́ла f, основя́ло n, or основе́ли pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм and основа́л m, основа́ла f, основа́ло n, or основа́ли pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and основа́л m, основа́ла f, основа́ло n, or основа́ли pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and основа́л m, основа́ла f, основа́ло n, or основа́ли pl
conditional		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
		Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and основа́л m, основа́ла f, основа́ло n, or основа́ли pl
imperative		-	ти	-	-	вие	-
			основи́ osnoví			основе́те osnovéte

References

• “основа́”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• “основа (2)”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010

Anagrams

• носова (nosova)

Macedonian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *osnova.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɔsnɔva]

Noun

основа • (osnova) f (relational adjective основен)

1. base, basis

Declension

Declension of основа

	singular	plural
indefinite	основа (osnova)	основи (osnovi)
definite unspecified	основата (osnovata)	основите (osnovite)
definite proximal	основава (osnovava)	основиве (osnovive)
definite distal	основана (osnovana)	основине (osnovine)
vocative	осново (osnovo)	основи (osnovi)

Verb

основа • (osnova) third-singular present, impf or pf

1. (transitive) to found, establish

Conjugation

Conjugation of основа (imperfective, present in -а)

l-participles	imperfect	aorist	non-finite forms
masculine	основал (osnoval)	—	adjectival participle	основан (osnovan)
feminine	основала (osnovala)	—	adverbial participle	основајќи (osnovajḱi)
neuter	основало (osnovalo)	—	verbal noun	основање (osnovanje)
plural	основале (osnovale)	—	perfect participle	основано (osnovano)
finite forms	present	imperfect	aorist	imperative
1st singular	основам (osnovam)	основав (osnovav)	—	—
2nd singular	основаш (osnovaš)	основаше (osnovaše)	—	основај (osnovaj)
3rd singular	основа (osnova)	основаше (osnovaše)	—	—
1st plural	основаме (osnovame)	основавме (osnovavme)	—	—
2nd plural	основате (osnovate)	основавте (osnovavte)	—	основајте (osnovajte)
3rd plural	основаат (osnovaat)	основаа (osnovaa)	—	—
compound tenses
perfect	сум основал (sum osnoval)		present of сум (except in the 3rd person) + imperfect l-participle
има-perfect	имам основано (imam osnovano)		present of има + perfect participle
pluperfect	бев основал (bev osnoval)		imperfect of сум + imperfect l-participle
има-pluperfect	имав основано (imav osnovano)		imperfect of има + perfect participle
има-perfect reported	сум имал основано (sum imal osnovano)		perfect of има + perfect participle
future	ќе основам (ḱe osnovam)		ќе + present
има-future	ќе имам основано (ḱe imam osnovano)		future of има + perfect participle
future in the past	ќе основав (ḱe osnovav)		ќе + imperfect
има-future in the past	ќе имав основано (ḱe imav osnovano)		future in the past of има + perfect participle
future reported	ќе сум основал (ḱe sum osnoval)		ќе + imperfect l-participle
има-future reported	ќе сум имал основано (ḱe sum imal osnovano)		future reported of има + perfect participle
conditional	би основал (bi osnoval)		би + imperfect l-participle
има-conditional	би имал основано (bi imal osnovano)		conditional of има + perfect participle

Conjugation of основа (perfective, present in -а)

l-participles	imperfect	aorist	non-finite forms
masculine	основал (osnoval)	основал (osnoval)	adjectival participle	основан (osnovan)
feminine	основала (osnovala)	основала (osnovala)	adverbial participle	—
neuter	основало (osnovalo)	основало (osnovalo)	verbal noun	—
plural	основале (osnovale)	основале (osnovale)	perfect participle	основано (osnovano)
finite forms	present	imperfect	aorist	imperative
1st singular	основам (osnovam)	основав (osnovav)	основав (osnovav)	—
2nd singular	основаш (osnovaš)	основаше (osnovaše)	основа (osnova)	основај (osnovaj)
3rd singular	основа (osnova)	основаше (osnovaše)	основа (osnova)	—
1st plural	основаме (osnovame)	основавме (osnovavme)	основавме (osnovavme)	—
2nd plural	основате (osnovate)	основавте (osnovavte)	основавте (osnovavte)	основајте (osnovajte)
3rd plural	основаат (osnovaat)	основаа (osnovaa)	основаа (osnovaa)	—
compound tenses
perfect	сум основал (sum osnoval)		present of сум (except in the 3rd person) + aorist l-participle
има-perfect	имам основано (imam osnovano)		present of има + perfect participle
pluperfect	бев основал (bev osnoval)		imperfect of сум + aorist l-participle
има-pluperfect	имав основано (imav osnovano)		imperfect of има + perfect participle
има-perfect reported	сум имал основано (sum imal osnovano)		perfect of има + perfect participle
future	ќе основам (ḱe osnovam)		ќе + present
има-future	ќе имам основано (ḱe imam osnovano)		future of има + perfect participle
future in the past	ќе основав (ḱe osnovav)		ќе + imperfect
има-future in the past	ќе имав основано (ḱe imav osnovano)		future in the past of има + perfect participle
future reported	ќе сум основал (ḱe sum osnoval)		ќе + imperfect l-participle
има-future reported	ќе сум имал основано (ḱe sum imal osnovano)		future reported of има + perfect participle
conditional	би основал (bi osnoval)		би + aorist l-participle
има-conditional	би имал основано (bi imal osnovano)		conditional of има + perfect participle

Russian

Etymology

From Old East Slavic основа (osnova), from Proto-Slavic *osnova.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɐsˈnovə]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

осно́ва • (osnóva) f inan (genitive осно́вы, nominative plural осно́вы, genitive plural осно́в)

1. basis, foundation, base
2. (in the plural) fundamentals, essential principles, ABC, basics, foundation
3. (linguistics) stem
4. (textile) warp

Declension

Declension of осно́ва (inan fem-form hard-stem accent-a) 

	singular	plural
nominative	осно́ва osnóva	осно́вы osnóvy
genitive	осно́вы osnóvy	осно́в osnóv
dative	осно́ве osnóve	осно́вам osnóvam
accusative	осно́ву osnóvu	осно́вы osnóvy
instrumental	осно́вой, осно́вою osnóvoj, osnóvoju	осно́вами osnóvami
prepositional	осно́ве osnóve	осно́вах osnóvax

Pre-reform declension of осно́ва (inan fem-form hard-stem accent-a) 

	singular	plural
nominative	осно́ва osnóva	осно́вы osnóvy
genitive	осно́вы osnóvy	осно́въ osnóv
dative	осно́вѣ osnóvě	осно́вамъ osnóvam
accusative	осно́ву osnóvu	осно́вы osnóvy
instrumental	осно́вой, осно́вою osnóvoj, osnóvoju	осно́вами osnóvami
prepositional	осно́вѣ osnóvě	осно́вахъ osnóvax

Synonyms

• ба́за (báza), ба́зис (bázis), основа́ние (osnovánije), ядро́ (jadró), костя́к (kostják)
• азы́ (azý), начала (načala)

Related terms

• основа́ние (osnovánije)
• основно́й (osnovnój)
• осно́вывать (osnóvyvatʹ)

References

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “основа”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *osnova.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ôsnoʋa/

Noun

о̏снова f (Latin spelling ȍsnova)

1. basis, foundation
2. (linguistics) stem (of a word)

Declension

Declension of основа

	singular	plural
nominative	основа	основе
genitive	основе	основа
dative	основи	основама
accusative	основу	основе
vocative	осново	основе
locative	основи	основама
instrumental	основом	основама

Further reading

• “основа”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026

Ukrainian

Etymology

From Old East Slavic основа (osnova), from Proto-Slavic *osnova.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɔsˈnɔʋɐ]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

осно́ва • (osnóva) f inan (genitive осно́ви, nominative plural осно́ви, genitive plural осно́в, relational adjective основни́й)

1. basis, base, foundation
2. (chemistry) base

Declension

Declension of осно́ва
(inan hard fem-form accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	осно́ва osnóva	осно́ви osnóvy
genitive	осно́ви osnóvy	осно́в osnóv
dative	осно́ві osnóvi	осно́вам osnóvam
accusative	осно́ву osnóvu	осно́ви osnóvy
instrumental	осно́вою osnóvoju	осно́вами osnóvamy
locative	осно́ві osnóvi	осно́вах osnóvax
vocative	осно́во osnóvo	осно́ви osnóvy

References

• Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “основа”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka