уста

See also: ұста

Bulgarian

Bulgarian Wikipedia has articles on:

уста and уста (майстор)

Wikipedia ^bgWikipedia ^bg

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [oˈsta]
Audio (Standard Bulgarian): (file)
Rhymes: -ta
Syllabification^(key): у‧ста
Hyphenation^(key): ус‧та

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *usta n pl.

Noun

уста́ • (ustá) f pl

(collective) lips, labia (rim of the mouth)
целувам някого по устата ― celuvam njakogo po ustata ― to kiss s.o. on the lips
- 1873, Hristo Botev, “Хаджи Димитър”, in Нова песнопойка:
  [...] очи темнеят, глава се люшка,
  уста проклинат цяла вселена.
  [...] oči temnejat, glava se ljuška,
  usta proklinat cjala vselena.
  [...] eyes darken, head wabbles,
  lips cuss the whole universe.

Declension

Declension of уста́
	plural
indefinite	уста́ ustá
definite	уста́та ustáta

Noun

уста́ • (ustá) f (relational adjective у́стен, diminutive усти́ца or усти́чка)

mouth (the front opening of a creature through which food is ingested)
със зяпнала уста ― săs zjapnala usta ― with a gaping mouth

казвам с половин уста ― kazvam s polovin usta ― to say reluctantly (literally, “to tell with a half mouth”)

от уста на уста ― ot usta na usta ― orally (literally, “from mouth to mouth”)
oral cavity
Synonyms: зев (zev), паст (past)
(figurative) aperture, opening (of containers, machines, geographical structures)
уста на делва ― usta na delva ― an aperture of a jar

Declension

Declension of уста́
	singular	plural
indefinite	уста́ ustá	усти́, уста́¹ ustí, ustá¹
definite	уста́та ustáta	усти́те, уста́та¹ ustíte, ustáta¹

¹Archaic.

Derived terms

adverbs

изу́ст (izúst)
нау́ст (naúst)

adjectives

уста́т (ustát)
у́стен (ústen)

nouns

у́стие (ústie)
у́стна (ústna)

verbs

зау́стя pf (zaústja), зау́ствам impf (zaústvam)
изу́стя pf (izústja), изу́ствам impf (izústvam)
наизустя́ pf (naizustjá), наизустя́вам impf (naizustjávam)
наустя́ pf (naustjá), наустя́вам impf (naustjávam)

References

“уста”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
“уста (1)”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
Nayden Gerov; Тодор Панчев (1904), “уста”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language] (in Bulgarian), volume 5, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 456
“оуста”, in Старобългарски речник [Dictionary of Old Bulgarian] (in Bulgarian), https://histdict.uni-sofia.bg, 2011—2026

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish اوسته (usta), itself from Classical Persian (ūstā).

Noun

уста́ • (ustá) m (historical)

ustad (skillful worker, master)
Coordinate terms: ка́лфа (kálfa), чира́к (čirák)

Declension

Declension of уста́
	singular	plural
indefinite	уста́ ustá	усти́ ustí
definite	уста́та ustáta	усти́те ustíte
vocative form	у́сто ústo	усти́ ustí

Derived terms

уста́башия (ustábašija, “chief ustad”)

References

Nayden Gerov; Тодор Панчев (1904), “*уста́”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language] (in Bulgarian), volume 5, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 457
“уста (2)”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
Krăsteva, Vesela (2003), “уста”, in Тълковен речник на турцизмите в българския език [Explanatory Dictionary of Turkisms in the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Skorpio vi, page 203

Carpathian Rusyn

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *usta.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [usˈta]
Rhymes: -a
Syllabification: ус‧та

Noun

уста́ • (ustá) n pl

mouth

Chechen

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Nakh *ustu.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈusta/

Noun

уста • (usta) class bd

(Aukh) synonym of сту (stu, “bull”)

Declension

Declension of **уста**
	singular	plural
nominative	уста (usta)	серчи (serči)
genitive	истаран (istaran)	серчин (serčin)
dative	истарна (istarna)	серчашна (serčašna)
ergative	истаро̄ (istaroo)	серчаша (serčaša)
allative	истаре̄ (istaree)	серчашка (serčaška)
instrumental	истарца (istarca)	серчашца (serčašca)
lative	истарах (istarax)	серчих (serčix)
comparative	истарал (istaral)	серчил (serčil)

References

Arsakhanov, Israil (1959), Аккинский диалект в системе чечено-ингушского языка [Akkin dialect in the system of the Chechen-Ingush language] (in Russian), Grozny: Chechen-Ingush Book Publishing House, page 47

Macedonian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈusta]
Audio: (file)

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *usta.

Noun

уста • (usta) f (plural усти, relational adjective устен, diminutive усте or устичка)

mouth

Declension

Declension of *уста*
	singular	plural
indefinite	уста (usta)	усти (usti)
definite unspecified	устата (ustata)	устите (ustite)
definite proximal	устава (ustava)	устиве (ustive)
definite distal	устана (ustana)	устине (ustine)
vocative	усто (usto)	усти (usti)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish اوسته (usta), from Classical Persian (ustād).

Noun

уста • (usta) m

(archaic, poetic) master, mason

Old East Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *usta. Cognates include Old Church Slavonic оуста (usta) and Old Polish usta.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /uˈstɑ/→/uˈsta/→/uˈsta/

(ca. 9^th CE) IPA^(key): /uˈstɑ/
(ca. 11^th CE) IPA^(key): /uˈsta/
(ca. 13^th CE) IPA^(key): /uˈsta/

Hyphenation: у‧ста

Noun

уста (usta) n (plural only)

mouth
- 1076, Sviatoslav's izbornik‎^[1], page 2:
  не рече оустꙑ тъчью иꙁгл҃аахъ·
  ne reče usty tŭčĭju izgl:aaxŭ·
  He didn't say: I just pronounced [them] with [my] mouth;

Declension

Declension of уста (hard o-stem)
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	— —	— —	уста usta
genitive	— —	— —	устъ ustŭ
dative	— —	— —	устомъ ustomŭ
accusative	— —	— —	уста usta
instrumental	— —	— —	устꙑ usty
locative	— —	— —	устѣхъ ustěxŭ
vocative	— —	— —	уста usta

Descendants

Old Ruthenian: уста (usta)
- Carpathian Rusyn: уста́ (ustá)
- Ukrainian: вуста́ (vustá), уста́ (ustá)
Russian: уста́ (ustá) (archaic, poetic)

References

Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1912), “ꙋста”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments]‎^[2] (in Russian), volume 3 (Р – Ꙗ и дополненія), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 1273

Pannonian Rusyn

уста

Click on labels in the image.

Etymology

Inherited from Old Slovak usta, from Proto-Slavic *usta.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈusta]
Rhymes: -usta
Hyphenation: уста

Noun

уста (usta) n pl (relational adjective усни)

(anatomy) mouth
jaw
Synonym: писки (piski)

Near-synonym: видлїца (vidljica)

Declension

Declension of *уста* (usta)
	singular	plural
nominative	—	уста (usta)
genitive	—	устох (ustox)
dative	—	устом (ustom)
accusative	—	уста (usta)
instrumental	—	устами (ustami)
locative	—	устох (ustox)
vocative	—	уста (usta)

References

Medʹeši, H.; Fejsa, M.; Timko-Djitko, O. (2010), “уста”, in Ramač, Ju., editor, Руско-сербски словнїк [Rusyn-Serbian Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy, page 881
Fejsa, M.; Šlemender, M.; Čelʹovski, S. (2022), “mouth”, in Анґлийско-руски словнїк [English-Rusyn Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy; Ruska matka, →ISBN, page 184

Russian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *usta, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃éh₁os (“mouth”). Cognates include Sanskrit आस् (ās, “mouth”) and Latin ōs (“mouth”). Compare Polish usta.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ʊˈsta]
Audio: (file)

Noun

уста́ • (ustá) n inan pl (genitive уст, plural only)

(archaic or poetic) mouth, lips
Synonyms: (mouth) рот (rot), (lips) гу́бы (gúby)
- 1873, Николай Лесков [Nikolai Leskov], “Глава тринадцатая”, in Очарованный странник, Санкт-Петербург: Русский мир; English translation from Richard Pevear and Larissa Volokhonsky, transl., The Enchanted Wanderer, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2013:
  Кому́ она́ пода́ст стака́н, тот сейча́с вино́ вы́пьет и на подно́с, ско́лько чу́вствует усе́рдия, де́нег ме́чет, зо́лото и́ли ассигна́ции; а она́ его́ тогда́ в уста́ поцелу́ет и покло́нится.
  Komú oná podást stakán, tot sejčás vinó výpʹjet i na podnós, skólʹko čúvstvujet usérdija, déneg méčet, zóloto íli assignácii; a oná jevó togdá v ustá pocelújet i poklónitsja.
  Whoever she offered a glass to drank the wine at once and flung money on the tray, gold or banknotes, as much as his zeal prompted him to; and she would then kiss him on the lips and bow to him.

Declension

Declension of уста́ (inan pl-only neut-form hard-stem accent-b)

	plural
nominative	уста́ ustá
genitive	у́ст úst
dative	уста́м ustám
accusative	уста́ ustá
instrumental	уста́ми ustámi
prepositional	уста́х ustáx

Pre-reform declension of уста́ (inan pl-only neut-form hard-stem accent-b)

	plural
nominative	уста́ ustá
genitive	у́стъ úst
dative	уста́мъ ustám
accusative	уста́ ustá
instrumental	уста́ми ustámi
prepositional	уста́хъ ustáx

Related terms

у́стный (ústnyj)
у́стье (ústʹje)
наизу́сть (naizústʹ)

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *usta.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ǔːsta/
Hyphenation: у‧ста

Noun

у́ста n pl (Latin spelling ústa)

mouth

Declension

Declension of уста

	plural
nominative	у́ста
genitive	у́ста̄
dative	устима
accusative	уста
vocative	уста
locative	устима
instrumental	устима

Tabasaran

Etymology

From Turkic, ultimately from Persian . Compare Azerbaijani usta.

Noun

уста • (usta)

master

Ukrainian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ʊˈsta]
Audio: (file)

Noun

уста́ • (ustá) n inan pl (genitive уст, plural only)

alternative form of вуста́ (vustá)

Declension

Declension of *уста́*
(inan pl-only hard neut-form accent-b)
	plural
nominative	уста́ ustá
genitive	уст ust
dative	уста́м ustám
accusative	уста́ ustá
instrumental	уста́ми ustámy
locative	уста́х ustáx
vocative	уста́ ustá

References

Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “уста”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
“уста”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horox – Slovozmina, Horokh – Inflection]‎^[3]

Yakut

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

уста • (usta)

(geometry, general) length (spatial)
сыһыы устата ― sïhïï ustata ― the length of the field

суол устата ― suol ustata ― the length of the road
length (temporal), duration
сыл устата ― sïl ustata ― the length of the year

Derived terms

устата (ustata, “during, throughout”)

Bulgarian

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Noun

Declension

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

References

Etymology 2

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

References

Carpathian Rusyn

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Further reading

Chechen

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

References

Macedonian

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Noun

Declension

Etymology 2

Noun

Old East Slavic

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Descendants

References

Pannonian Rusyn

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

References

Russian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Related terms

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Further reading

Tabasaran

Etymology

Noun

Ukrainian

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

References

Yakut

Etymology

Noun

Derived terms