استاد
Persian[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
- استاذ (ostâz) (archaic)
- اوستاد (ōstâd)
- استا (ostâ), اوستا (ustâ), اوسا (ussâ) (informal)
- اوس (us) (slang)
Etymology[edit]
From earlier اوستاد (ôstâd), from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾwstʾt'), 𐫀𐫇𐫏𐫘𐫤𐫀𐫅 (ʾwystʾd /awestād/, “master, craftsman”), from Proto-Iranian *Hawastātas (compare Avestan 𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬁𐬙𐬀 (auuastāta), Northern Kurdish hoste, oste, wista, wusta, وەستا (westa), Mazanderani استات (estât), استا (estâ), اسا (essâ)), verbal noun of Proto-Iranian *HawastaHyáti (compare Old Persian 𐎠𐎺𐎠𐎿𐎫𐎠𐎹𐎶 (a-v-a-s-t-a-y-m /avāstāyam/), Avestan 𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀 (auuastaiia)), from *Hawa- + *staHyáti, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *staHyáti, from Proto-Indo-European *stoh₂éyeti (“to cause to stand”).
Pronunciation[edit]
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /ustɑːð/
- (Dari Persian) IPA(key): /ʊstɑːd/
- (Iranian Persian) IPA(key): /ostɒːd/
Adjective[edit]
اُسْتَاد • (ostâd) (comparative اُسْتَادتَر (ostâd-tar), superlative اُسْتَادتَرین (ostâd-tarin))
Noun[edit]
Dari | استاد |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | устод (ustod) |
اُسْتَاد • (ostâd) (plural استادان (ostâdân) or استادها (ostâd-hâ) or اساتید (asâtid))
- master (an expert at something; a tradesman who is qualified to teach apprentices; a skilled artist)
- (archaic) tutor
- a senior craftsman
- expert
- professor (a teacher or faculty member at a college or university regardless of formal rank)
Derived terms[edit]
- استادی (ostâdi)
- استادانه (ostâdâne)
- استادکار (ostâdkâr), استاکار (ostâkâr)
- استادیار (ostâdyâr)
- استادتمام (ostâdtamâm)
Descendants[edit]
- → Arabic: أُسْتَاذ (ʾustāḏ)
- → Assamese: ওস্তাদ (üstad), ওস্তাদী (üstadi)
- → Azerbaijani: usta, ustad
- → Bashkir: оҫта (oθta), остаз (ostaz)
- → Bengali: ওস্তাদ (ośtad), ওস্তাদি (ośtadi)
- Chinese:
- → Dungan: вуста (vusta)
- → Georgian: ოსტატი (osṭaṭi)
- Hindustani:
- → Kazakh: ұста (ūsta), ұстаз (ūstaz)
- → Mandaic: ࡀࡎࡕࡀࡃ (astad)
- → Ottoman Turkish: استاد (üstâd)
- → Punjabi: ਉਸਤਾਦ (usatād)
References[edit]
Urdu[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Borrowed from Persian استاد (ostâd, “master”).
Pronunciation[edit]
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /ʊs.t̪ɑːd̪/
Noun[edit]
استاد • (ustād) m (plural اساتذہ, Hindi spelling उस्ताद)
Descendants[edit]
- → English: ustad
- Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Persian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *steh₂-
- Persian terms inherited from Middle Persian
- Persian terms derived from Middle Persian
- Persian terms inherited from Proto-Iranian
- Persian terms derived from Proto-Iranian
- Persian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Persian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Persian lemmas
- Persian adjectives
- Persian nouns
- Persian terms with archaic senses
- fa:Occupations
- fa:Titles
- Urdu terms borrowed from Persian
- Urdu terms derived from Persian
- Urdu terms with IPA pronunciation
- Urdu lemmas
- Urdu nouns
- Urdu masculine nouns
- ur:Occupations