استاد

See also: إستاد‎ and أستاذ‎

Persian

Alternative forms

• استاذ‎ (ostâz) (archaic)
• اوستاد‎ (ōstâd)
• استا‎ (ostâ), اوستا‎ (ustâ), اوسا‎ (ussâ) (informal)
• اوس‎ (us) (slang)

Etymology

From earlier اوستاد‎ (ôstâd), from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾwstʾt'), 𐫀𐫇𐫏𐫘𐫤𐫀𐫅‎ (ʾwystʾd /awestād/, “master, craftsman”), from Proto-Iranian *Hawastātas (compare Avestan 𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬁𐬙𐬀‎ (auuastāta), Northern Kurdish hoste, oste, wista, wusta, وەستا‎ (westa), Mazanderani استات‎ (estât), استا‎ (estâ), اسا‎ (essâ)), verbal noun of Proto-Iranian *HawastaHyáti (compare Old Persian 𐎠𐎺𐎠𐎿𐎫𐎠𐎹𐎶 (a-v-a-s-t-a-y-m /avāstāyam/), Avestan 𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀‎ (auuastaiia)), from *Hawa- +‎ *staHyáti, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *staHyáti, from Proto-Indo-European *stoh₂éyeti (“to cause to stand”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ustɑːð/

• (Dari Persian) IPA^(key): /ʊstɑːd/

• (Iranian Persian) IPA^(key): /ostɒːd/

• (Tajik) IPA^(key): /ustɔd/

Adjective

اُسْتَاد • (ostâd) (comparative اُسْتَادتَر‎ (ostâd-tar), superlative اُسْتَادتَرین‎ (ostâd-tarin))

1. skilled, expert

Noun

Dari	استاد
Iranian Persian
Tajik	устод (ustod)

اُسْتَاد • (ostâd) (plural استادان‎ (ostâdân) or استادها‎ (ostâd-hâ) or اساتید‎ (asâtid))

1. master (an expert at something; a tradesman who is qualified to teach apprentices; a skilled artist)
   1. ustad
2. (archaic) tutor
3. a senior craftsman
4. expert
5. professor (a teacher or faculty member at a college or university regardless of formal rank)

Derived terms

• استادی‎ (ostâdi)
• استادانه‎ (ostâdâne)
• استادکار‎ (ostâdkâr), استاکار‎ (ostâkâr)
• استادیار‎ (ostâdyâr)
• استادتمام‎ (ostâdtamâm)

Descendants

• → Arabic: أُسْتَاذ‎ (ʾustāḏ)
  • → Lishana Deni: אסתאדא‎ (ʾəstāḏa)
  • → Malay: ustaz
    • Indonesian: ustaz
  • → Swahili: stadi
  • → Yakan: ustad
• → Assamese: ওস্তাদ (üstad), ওস্তাদী (üstadi)
• → Azerbaijani: usta, ustad
• → Bashkir: оҫта (oθta), остаз (ostaz)
• → Bengali: ওস্তাদ (ośtad), ওস্তাদি (ośtadi)
• Chinese:
  • → Dungan: вуста (vusta)
• → Georgian: ოსტატი (osṭaṭi)
  • → Bats: ოსტატ (osṭaṭ)
  • → Mingrelian: ორსანტი (orsanṭi)
  • → Svan: უ̂ოსტა̈ტ (ûosṭäṭ)
• Hindustani:
  • → Hindi: उस्ताद (ustād)
  • → Urdu: استاد‎ (ustād)
    • → English: ustad
• → Kazakh: ұста (ūsta), ұстаз (ūstaz)
• → Mandaic: ࡀࡎࡕࡀࡃ‎ (astad)
• → Ottoman Turkish: استاد‎ (üstâd)
  • → Turkish: üstad, üstat, usta
  • → Middle Armenian: ուսթայ (ustʿay), ուսթա (ustʿa), ուստայ (ustay)
    • → Armenian: ուստա (usta)
• → Punjabi: ਉਸਤਾਦ (usatād)

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Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Persian استاد‎ (ostâd, “master”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /ʊs.t̪ɑːd̪/

Noun

استاد • (ustād) m (plural اساتذہ‎‎, Hindi spelling उस्ताद)

1. professor
2. teacher, tutor
3. expert, master

Descendants

• → English: ustad