хлеб
Belarusian
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old East Slavic хлѣбъ (xlěbŭ), from Proto-Slavic *xlěbъ, from Proto-Germanic *hlaibaz. Compare Gothic 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃 (hlaifs).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]хлеб • (xljeb) m inan (genitive хле́ба, nominative plural хлябы́, genitive plural хлябо́ў)
Declension
[edit]| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | хлеб xljeb |
хлябы́ xljabý |
| genitive | хле́ба xljéba |
хлябо́ў xljabów |
| dative | хле́бу xljébu |
хляба́м xljabám |
| accusative | хлеб xljeb |
хлябы́ xljabý |
| instrumental | хле́бам xljébam |
хляба́мі xljabámi |
| locative | хле́бе xljébje |
хляба́х xljabáx |
| count form | — | хле́бы1 xljéby1 |
1Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.
References
[edit]- “хлеб” in Belarusian–Russian dictionaries and Belarusian dictionaries at slounik.org
Russian
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- хлѣбъ (xlěb) — pre-1918 spelling
Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old East Slavic хлѣбъ (xlěbŭ), from Proto-Slavic *xlěbъ, from Gothic 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃 (hlaifs), from Proto-Germanic *hlaibaz, of unknown origin. Cognate with English loaf.
Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): [xlʲep]
Audio: (file) Audio (Saint Petersburg): (file)
Noun
[edit]хлеб • (xleb) m inan (genitive хле́ба, nominative plural хле́бы, genitive plural хле́бов, relational adjective хле́бный, diminutive хле́бушек or хле́бец)
Declension
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- хлебосо́льный (xlebosólʹnyj)
Descendants
[edit]- → Ainu: ヘリェバ
- → Buryat: хилээмэн (xileemen)
- → English: khleb
- → Khamnigan Mongol: килээмэ (kileeme), килөөмэ (kilööme)
- → Korean: (Russia) 할례쁘 (hallyeppeu)
- → Mandarin: 列巴 (lièbā) > 大列巴 (dàlièbā) (Northeastern Mandarin)
- → Tuvan: хлеб (xleb)
- → Yakut: килиэп (kiliep)
- → Yup'ik: kelipaq
- → Russenorsk: klæba
Noun
[edit]хлеб • (xleb) m inan (genitive хле́ба, nominative plural хлеба́, genitive plural хлебо́в, relational adjective хле́бный)
- (usually in the plural) grain
- (figurative) food, subsistence, living (cf. breadwinner)
- Раньше мы зарабатывали на хлеб, продавая яблоки. ― Ranʹše my zarabatyvali na xleb, prodavaja jabloki. ― We used to make a living by selling apples.
- фотогра́фия — мой хлеб ― fotográfija — moj xleb ― photography is my living
Declension
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- бесхле́бный (besxlébnyj)
- нахле́бник m anim (naxlébnik)
- хле́бница f (xlébnica)
- хле́бный (xlébnyj)
Compound words:
- хлебобу́лочный (xlebobúločnyj)
- хлебозаво́д m (xlebozavód)
- хлебозаго́товка f (xlebozagótovka)
- хлебокомбина́т m (xlebokombinát)
- хлебопа́шество n (xlebopášestvo)
- хлебопа́шец m anim (xlebopášec)
- хлебопёк m anim (xlebopjók)
- хлебопека́рный (xlebopekárnyj)
- хлебопека́рня f (xlebopekárnja)
- хлебопе́чка f (xlebopéčka)
- хлеборе́з m anim (xleboréz)
- хлеборе́зка f (xleborézka)
- хлеборо́б m anim (xleborób)
- хлеборо́дный (xleboródnyj)
- хлебосда́ча f (xlebosdáča)
- хлебосо́л m anim (xlebosól)
- хлебосо́льный (xlebosólʹnyj)
- хлеботорго́вец m anim (xlebotorgóvec)
Compounds:
- во́льные хлеба́ m pl (vólʹnyje xlebá)
- на во́льные хлеба́ (na vólʹnyje xlebá)
- на во́льных хлеба́х (na vólʹnyx xlebáx)
- на хлеб и во́ду (na xleb i vódu), на хле́бе и воде́ (na xlébe i vodé)
- на хлеб не нама́жешь (na xleb ne namážešʹ)
- хлеб насу́щный m (xleb nasúščnyj)
- хлеб-соль (xleb-solʹ)
- хле́бом не корми́ (xlébom ne kormí)
- From хле́бный (xlébnyj):
- хле́бное ме́сто n (xlébnoje mésto)
- хле́бный бунт m (xlébnyj bunt)
- Phrases
- и то хлеб (i to xleb)
- хле́ба и зре́лищ (xléba i zrélišč)
- Proverbs
- хлеб — всему́ голова́ (xleb — vsemú golová)
Related terms
[edit]- Borrowed
Via Proto-Germanic *hlaibaz:
Collocations
[edit]- бе́лый хлеб (bélyj xleb)
- бороди́нский хлеб (borodínskij xleb)
- ржано́й хлеб (ržanój xleb)
- све́жий хлеб (svéžij xleb)
- чёрный хлеб (čórnyj xleb)
- чёрствый хлеб (čórstvyj xleb)
References
[edit]- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “хлеб”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Isačenko, A. V. (1954‒1965), Грамматический строй русского языка в сопоставлении с словацким: Морфология: I‒II [Grammatical Structure of the Russian Language in Comparison to Slovak. Morphology. Pr. 1 & 2] (in Russian), Bratislava: Slovak Academy of Sciences; [1]2nd edition, Moscow: Languages of Slavic Сultures, 2003, →ISBN, page 78
Further reading
[edit]- Dal, Vladimir (1880–1882), “хлеб”, in Толковый Словарь живаго великорускаго языка [Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language] (in Russian), 2nd edition, Publication of the bookseller-typographer Wolf, M. O.
Serbo-Croatian
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xlěbъ, from Proto-Germanic *hlaibaz. Compare Gothic 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃 (hlaifs).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]хле̏б m inan (Latin spelling hlȅb, relational adjective хле̏бни, diminutive хлѐпчић)
Declension
[edit]- Belarusian terms inherited from Old East Slavic
- Belarusian terms derived from Old East Slavic
- Belarusian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Belarusian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Belarusian terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Belarusian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Belarusian terms with audio pronunciation
- Belarusian lemmas
- Belarusian nouns
- Belarusian masculine nouns
- Belarusian inanimate nouns
- Belarusian hard masculine-form nouns
- Belarusian hard masculine-form accent-c nouns
- Belarusian nouns with accent pattern c
- be:Foods
- Russian terms inherited from Old East Slavic
- Russian terms derived from Old East Slavic
- Russian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Russian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Russian terms derived from Gothic
- Russian terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Russian terms with unknown etymologies
- Russian 1-syllable words
- Russian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Russian terms with audio pronunciation
- Russian lemmas
- Russian nouns
- Russian masculine nouns
- Russian inanimate nouns
- Saint Petersburg Russian
- Russian hard-stem masculine-form nouns
- Russian hard-stem masculine-form accent-a nouns
- Russian nouns with accent pattern a
- Russian terms with usage examples
- Russian hard-stem masculine-form accent-c nouns
- Russian nouns with accent pattern c
- Russian nouns ending in a consonant with plural -а
- Russian irregular nouns
- Russian nouns with irregular nominative plural
- ru:Breads
- Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Serbo-Croatian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Serbo-Croatian lemmas
- Serbo-Croatian nouns
- Serbo-Croatian masculine inanimate nouns
- Serbo-Croatian masculine nouns
- Serbo-Croatian inanimate nouns
- sh:Breads
