دیوار

Central Kurdish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /diːwaːɾ/

Noun

Northern Kurdish	dîwar

دیوار (dîwar)

1. wall

Khalaj

Noun

دیوار (duvâr) (definite accusative دیوارؽ, plural دیوارلار)

1. Arabic spelling of duvâr (“wall”)

Declension

Declension of دیوار

	singular	plural
nominative	دیوار	دیوارلار
genitive	دیوارؽݧ	دیوارلارؽݧ
dative	دیوارقا	دیوارلارقا
definite accusative	دیوارؽ	دیوارلارؽ
locative	دیوارچا	دیوارلارچا
ablative	دیواردا	دیوارلاردا
instrumental	دیوارلا	دیوارلارلا
equative	دیواروارا	دیوارلاروارا

Ottoman Turkish

دیوار

Etymology

Inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish دیوار (dīvār), from Classical Persian دِیوَار (dīwār, “wall”), from Middle Persian dywʾl (dēwār, “wall”).

Noun

دیوار • (dîvâr or duvar) (definite accusative دیواری (dîvârı), plural دیوارلر (dîvârlar))

1. wall

   Synonym: جدار (cidar)

2. wall, (any structure built with stones, earth etc. built for defensive pruposes, surrounding a place)

   Synonym: سور (sur)

Derived terms

• بغدادی دیوار (bağdadî dîvâr, “wall of lath and plaster”)
• در و دیوار (der ve dîvâr, “a house, as a whole”, literally “door and wall”)
• درت دیوار آراسی (dört dîvâr arası, “captivity”, literally “the space inside four walls”)
• دیوار آردی (dîvâr ardı, “coward”, literally “the back of a wall”)
• دیوار اورمك (dîvâr örmek, “to build a wall”)
• دیوار چاكی (dîvâr çañı, “suspended board used as a substitute for a church-bell”)
• دیوار چكمك (dîvâr çekmek, “to wall up”)
• دیوار یاران (dîvâr yaran, “Satan, the Devil”, literally “wall cleaver”)
• دیوارجی (dîvârcı, “mason, bricklayer”)
• دیوارسز (dîvârsız, “unwalled”)
• دیوارلاتمق (dîvârlatmak, “to make or let be walled”)
• دیوارلامق (dîvârlamak, “to enclose with walls”)
• دیوارلانمق (dîvârlanmak, “to be walled up”)
• دیوارلو (dîvârlı, “walled”)
• دیوارچه (dîvârçe, “little wall”)
• شاه دیوار (şah dîvâr, “bearing wall”)
• صور دیوار (sur dîvâr, “solid wall”)
• قلعه دیواری (kalʼe dîvâr, “rampart”)
• قورو دیوار (kuru dîvâr, “bare wall”)

Descendants

• Turkish: duvar
• → Bulgarian: дува́р (duvár)
• → Greek: ντουβάρι (ntouvári)
• → Macedonian: дувар (duvar)
• → Serbo-Croatian:
  • Cyrillic script: ду̏ва̄р
  • Latin script: dȕvār

Further reading

click to expand

• Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1881), “دیوار”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume I, Paris: E. Leroux, page 785
• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007), “duvar”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1314
• Hindoglu, Artin (1838), “دیوار”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎^[1], Vienna: F. Beck, page 240b
• Kélékian, Diran (1911), “دیوار”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[2] (in French), Constantinople: Mihran, page 601
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687), “Murus”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[3], Vienna, column 1106
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680), “دیوار”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[4], Vienna, column 2219
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “duvar”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890), “دیوار”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[5], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 940

Persian

Alternative forms

• دیوال (dēwāl / divâl) (colloquial)
• دیفال (difâl) (dialectal, Isfahan)

Etymology

From Middle Persian dywʾl (dēwār, “wall”). Compare Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬉𐬰𐬀 (daēza, “wall”), Ancient Greek τεῖχος (teîkhos, “wall, fortifications”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /deː.ˈwaːr/, /diː.ˈwaːr/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪eː.wɑ́ːɾ]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪eː.wɑ́ːɾ]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [d̪eː.wɑ́ːɾ]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [d̪eː.ɾá]

 

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪iː.vɒ́ːɹ]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪iː.vɒ́ːɹ]
  • (Tehrani) IPA^(key): [d̪iː.vɒ́ːl̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪e.vɔ́ɾ]

Readings
Classical reading?	dēwār, dīwār
Dari reading?	dēwār
Iranian reading?	divâr
Tajik reading?	devor

• (Isfahan) IPA^(key): /diːˈfɒ́ːl/

• Audio (Iran):

  (file)

Noun

دیوار • (dēwār / divâr) (plural دیوارها (dēwār-hā / divâr-hâ), Tajik spelling девор)

1. wall
   • c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 214:

     گرچه دیوار افکند سایه‌‌ی دراز
     باز گردد سوی او آن سایه باز

     garči dēwār afkand sāya-yi darāz
     bāz gardad sōy-i ō ān sāya bāz

     Although the wall casts a long shadow, yet at last the shadow turns back again towards it [as the sun moves].

Derived terms

• دیوار کوتاه (dēwār-i kōtāh / divâr-e kutâh, “helpless person”, literally “low wall”)
• دیواره (dēwāra / divâre, “rim”)

Descendants

• Dari: دیوار (dēwār), دیوال (dēwāl)
• Iranian Persian: دیوار (divâr)
• Tajik: девор (devor)
• → Assamese: দেৱাল (dewal)
• → Bengali: দেওয়াল (deōẇal)
• → Bashkir: диуар (diwar)
• → Gujarati: દિવાલ (divāl), દીવાલ (dīvāl)
• → Hindustani:
  • Hindi: दीवार (dīvār)
  • Urdu: دیوار (dīvār, dīwār)
• → Kazakh: дуал (dual)
• → Khalaj: duvâr
• → Odia: ଦେୱାଲ (dēwālå)
• → Old Anatolian Turkish: دیوار (dīvār)
  • Azerbaijani: divar
  • Gagauz: duvar
  • Ottoman Turkish: دیوار (duvar)
    • Turkish: duvar
    • → Bulgarian: дува́р (duvár)
    • → Greek: ντουβάρι (ntouvári)
    • → Macedonian: дувар (duvar)
    • → Serbo-Croatian:
      • Cyrillic script: ду̏ва̄р
      • Latin script: dȕvār
• → Punjabi: ਦੀਵਾਰ (dīvār), دیوار (dīvār, dīwār)

References

• MacKenzie, D. N. (1971), “dēwār”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 26
• Miller, Corey; Livingston, Jace; Vinson, Mark; Triebwasser Prado, Thomas (2014), Persian Dialects: As Spoken in Iran‎^[6], University of Maryland Center for Advanced Study of Language, page 14: “Peisikov (1960, section 25) notes several words with /r/ in the standard language that can be pronounced with /l/ in Tehrani: دیوار 'wall' /dival/, برق 'electricity' /bälɣ/, سوراخ 'hole' /sulax/.”

Punjabi

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian دیوار (dīwār).

Noun

دِیْوَار • (dīvār) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਦੀਵਾਰ)

1. wall

   Synonym: کَنْدھ (kandh)

Declension

Declension of دیوار

	singular	plural
direct	دِیْوَار (dīvār)	دِیْوَاراں (dīvārāṉ)
oblique	دِیْوَار (dīvār)	دِیْوَاراں (dīvārāṉ)
vocative	دِیْوَارے (dīvāre)	دِیْوَارو (dīvāro)
ablative	دِیْوَاروں (dīvāroṉ)	—
locative	دِیْوَاری (dīvārī)	دِیْوَارِیں (dīvārīṉ)
instrumental	دِیْوَارے (dīvāre)	دِیْوَارِیں (dīvārīṉ)

Further reading

• Iqbal, Salah ud-Din (2002), “دیوار”, in vaḍḍī panjābī lughat‎ (in Punjabi), Lahore: عزیز پبلشرز [ʻazīz pabliśarz]
• “ਦੀਵਾਰ”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2025

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian دیوار (dīwār), from Middle Persian dywʾl (dēwār). Cognate to Punjabi دیوار (dīvār).

Noun

دیوار • (dīvār) f (Hindi spelling दीवार)

1. wall

Declension

Declension of دیوار

	singular	plural
direct	دیوار (dīvār)	دیوار (dīvār)
oblique	دیوار (dīvār)	دیواروں (dīvārõ)
vocative	دیوار (dīvār)	دیوارو (dīvāro)