سور

See also: سؤر, شور, سؤز, and سوز

Arabic[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Argued to be a loan from Aramaic שׂוּרָא / ܫܘܪܐ (šūrā), but other cognates such as Sabaean 𐩣𐩬𐩪𐩥𐩧𐩩 (mns¹wrt, “walls”) and Tigre ሶር (sor, “partition wall”) (unless that form is itself borrowed from Arabic) suggest that it may in fact be inherited.

Noun[edit]

سُور • (sūr) m (plural أَسْوَار (ʔaswār) or سِيرَان (sīrān))

wall that encloses and protects a building

Declension[edit]

Declension of noun سُور (sūr)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سُور sūr	السُّور as-sūr	سُور sūr
Nominative	سُورٌ sūrun	السُّورُ as-sūru	سُورُ sūru
Accusative	سُورًا sūran	السُّورَ as-sūra	سُورَ sūra
Genitive	سُورٍ sūrin	السُّورِ as-sūri	سُورِ sūri
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سُورَيْن sūrayn	السُّورَيْن as-sūrayn	سُورَيْ sūray
Nominative	سُورَانِ sūrāni	السُّورَانِ as-sūrāni	سُورَا sūrā
Accusative	سُورَيْنِ sūrayni	السُّورَيْنِ as-sūrayni	سُورَيْ sūray
Genitive	سُورَيْنِ sūrayni	السُّورَيْنِ as-sūrayni	سُورَيْ sūray
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
Plural	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَسْوَار‎; سِيرَان ʔaswār‎; sīrān	الْأَسْوَار‎; السِّيرَان al-ʔaswār‎; as-sīrān	أَسْوَار‎; سِيرَان ʔaswār‎; sīrān
Nominative	أَسْوَارٌ‎; سِيرَانٌ ʔaswārun‎; sīrānun	الْأَسْوَارُ‎; السِّيرَانُ al-ʔaswāru‎; as-sīrānu	أَسْوَارُ‎; سِيرَانُ ʔaswāru‎; sīrānu
Accusative	أَسْوَارًا‎; سِيرَانًا ʔaswāran‎; sīrānan	الْأَسْوَارَ‎; السِّيرَانَ al-ʔaswāra‎; as-sīrāna	أَسْوَارَ‎; سِيرَانَ ʔaswāra‎; sīrāna
Genitive	أَسْوَارٍ‎; سِيرَانٍ ʔaswārin‎; sīrānin	الْأَسْوَارِ‎; السِّيرَانِ al-ʔaswāri‎; as-sīrāni	أَسْوَارِ‎; سِيرَانِ ʔaswāri‎; sīrāni

References[edit]

Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 237
Kogan, Leonid (2015) Genealogical Classification of Semitic. The Lexical Isoglosses, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 397
Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “سور”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[1], London: W.H. Allen

Verb[edit]

سَوَّرَ • (sawwara) II, non-past يُسَوِّرُ‎ (yusawwiru)

to enclose with a wall or fences

Conjugation[edit]

Conjugation of

سَوَّرَ

(form-II sound)

active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر					تَسْوِير taswīr
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					مُسَوِّر musawwir
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول					مُسَوَّر musawwar
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	سَوَّرْتُ sawwartu	سَوَّرْتَ sawwarta	سَوَّرَ sawwara	سَوَّرْتُمَا sawwartumā	سَوَّرَا sawwarā	سَوَّرْنَا sawwarnā	سَوَّرْتُمْ sawwartum	سَوَّرُوا sawwarū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	سَوَّرْتُ sawwartu	سَوَّرْتِ sawwarti	سَوَّرَتْ sawwarat	سَوَّرْتُمَا sawwartumā	سَوَّرَتَا sawwaratā	سَوَّرْنَا sawwarnā	سَوَّرْتُنَّ sawwartunna	سَوَّرْنَ sawwarna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُسَوِّرُ ʔusawwiru	تُسَوِّرُ tusawwiru	يُسَوِّرُ yusawwiru	تُسَوِّرَانِ tusawwirāni	يُسَوِّرَانِ yusawwirāni	نُسَوِّرُ nusawwiru	تُسَوِّرُونَ tusawwirūna	يُسَوِّرُونَ yusawwirūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُسَوِّرُ ʔusawwiru	تُسَوِّرِينَ tusawwirīna	تُسَوِّرُ tusawwiru	تُسَوِّرَانِ tusawwirāni	تُسَوِّرَانِ tusawwirāni	نُسَوِّرُ nusawwiru	تُسَوِّرْنَ tusawwirna	يُسَوِّرْنَ yusawwirna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُسَوِّرَ ʔusawwira	تُسَوِّرَ tusawwira	يُسَوِّرَ yusawwira	تُسَوِّرَا tusawwirā	يُسَوِّرَا yusawwirā	نُسَوِّرَ nusawwira	تُسَوِّرُوا tusawwirū	يُسَوِّرُوا yusawwirū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُسَوِّرَ ʔusawwira	تُسَوِّرِي tusawwirī	تُسَوِّرَ tusawwira	تُسَوِّرَا tusawwirā	تُسَوِّرَا tusawwirā	نُسَوِّرَ nusawwira	تُسَوِّرْنَ tusawwirna	يُسَوِّرْنَ yusawwirna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُسَوِّرْ ʔusawwir	تُسَوِّرْ tusawwir	يُسَوِّرْ yusawwir	تُسَوِّرَا tusawwirā	يُسَوِّرَا yusawwirā	نُسَوِّرْ nusawwir	تُسَوِّرُوا tusawwirū	يُسَوِّرُوا yusawwirū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُسَوِّرْ ʔusawwir	تُسَوِّرِي tusawwirī	تُسَوِّرْ tusawwir	تُسَوِّرَا tusawwirā	تُسَوِّرَا tusawwirā	نُسَوِّرْ nusawwir	تُسَوِّرْنَ tusawwirna	يُسَوِّرْنَ yusawwirna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		سَوِّرْ sawwir		سَوِّرَا sawwirā			سَوِّرُوا sawwirū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		سَوِّرِي sawwirī		سَوِّرَا sawwirā			سَوِّرْنَ sawwirna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	سُوِّرْتُ suwwirtu	سُوِّرْتَ suwwirta	سُوِّرَ suwwira	سُوِّرْتُمَا suwwirtumā	سُوِّرَا suwwirā	سُوِّرْنَا suwwirnā	سُوِّرْتُمْ suwwirtum	سُوِّرُوا suwwirū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	سُوِّرْتُ suwwirtu	سُوِّرْتِ suwwirti	سُوِّرَتْ suwwirat	سُوِّرْتُمَا suwwirtumā	سُوِّرَتَا suwwiratā	سُوِّرْنَا suwwirnā	سُوِّرْتُنَّ suwwirtunna	سُوِّرْنَ suwwirna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُسَوَّرُ ʔusawwaru	تُسَوَّرُ tusawwaru	يُسَوَّرُ yusawwaru	تُسَوَّرَانِ tusawwarāni	يُسَوَّرَانِ yusawwarāni	نُسَوَّرُ nusawwaru	تُسَوَّرُونَ tusawwarūna	يُسَوَّرُونَ yusawwarūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُسَوَّرُ ʔusawwaru	تُسَوَّرِينَ tusawwarīna	تُسَوَّرُ tusawwaru	تُسَوَّرَانِ tusawwarāni	تُسَوَّرَانِ tusawwarāni	نُسَوَّرُ nusawwaru	تُسَوَّرْنَ tusawwarna	يُسَوَّرْنَ yusawwarna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُسَوَّرَ ʔusawwara	تُسَوَّرَ tusawwara	يُسَوَّرَ yusawwara	تُسَوَّرَا tusawwarā	يُسَوَّرَا yusawwarā	نُسَوَّرَ nusawwara	تُسَوَّرُوا tusawwarū	يُسَوَّرُوا yusawwarū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُسَوَّرَ ʔusawwara	تُسَوَّرِي tusawwarī	تُسَوَّرَ tusawwara	تُسَوَّرَا tusawwarā	تُسَوَّرَا tusawwarā	نُسَوَّرَ nusawwara	تُسَوَّرْنَ tusawwarna	يُسَوَّرْنَ yusawwarna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُسَوَّرْ ʔusawwar	تُسَوَّرْ tusawwar	يُسَوَّرْ yusawwar	تُسَوَّرَا tusawwarā	يُسَوَّرَا yusawwarā	نُسَوَّرْ nusawwar	تُسَوَّرُوا tusawwarū	يُسَوَّرُوا yusawwarū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُسَوَّرْ ʔusawwar	تُسَوَّرِي tusawwarī	تُسَوَّرْ tusawwar	تُسَوَّرَا tusawwarā	تُسَوَّرَا tusawwarā	نُسَوَّرْ nusawwar	تُسَوَّرْنَ tusawwarna	يُسَوَّرْنَ yusawwarna

Etymology 2[edit]

Noun[edit]

سُوَر • (suwar) f pl

plural of سُورَة (sūra)

Ottoman Turkish[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Borrowed from Arabic سُور (sūr, “wall”), argued to be a loan from Aramaic שׂוּרָא (šūrā, “wall, fortification”).

Noun[edit]

سور • (sur) (definite accusative سوری (surı), plural اسوار (esvar) or سیران (sirân))

wall, any structure built with stones, earth etc. built for defensive pruposes, surrounding a place
Synonym: دیوار (duvar)

Descendants[edit]

Turkish: sur

Etymology 2[edit]

Borrowed from Persian (sur, “nuptials”), from Old Persian *θūryas (“banquet, feast”).

Noun[edit]

سور • (sur)

wedding, nuptials, the ceremony that marks the beginning of a marriage
Synonyms: دوگون (düğün), عرس (ʼurs)

Descendants[edit]

Turkish: sur

Pashto[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Iranian *cuxráh.

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /sur/

Adjective[edit]

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سور • (sur)

red

Declension[edit]

declension of سور

	masculine		feminine
	singular	plural	singular	plural
direct	سور (sur)	سرۀ (srë)	سره (sra)	سرې (sre)
oblique	سرۀ (srë)	سرو (sro)	سرې (sre)	سرو (sro)
vocative	سوره (sura)	سرو (sro)	سرې (sre)	سرو (sro)

Persian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Persian *θūryas (“banquet, feast”), from Proto-Iranian *cuHryás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćuHryás, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱewH- (“to shine”), see also Sanskrit श्वस् (śvas, “tomorrow”).^[1]^[2] Related to Northern Kurdish sor (“red”).

Noun[edit]

سور • (sur)

nuptials
banquet, feast, entertainment

References[edit]

Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “سور”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul

^ Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. (1861). India: Bishop's College Press, p. 341
^ de Vaan, Michiel (2003) Beekes, R.S.P., Lubotsky, A., Weitenberg, J.J.S., editors, The Avestan Vowels (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 12), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN

Punjabi[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Prakrit सूअर (sūara), from Sanskrit सूकर (sūkara). Compare Urdu سؤر (sū'ar).

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /suː.ɾᵊ/
Rhymes: -uː.ɾᵊ

Noun[edit]

سُوْر • (sūr) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਸੂਰ)

pig, swine

References[edit]

Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “sūkará”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 780
“سور”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2024

Southeast Pashayi[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Sanskrit सूर्य (sūrya).

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): [sʊr]

Noun[edit]

سوُر (sor)

sun

Ushojo[edit]

Noun[edit]

سور (sōr)

rider

[1] Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. (1861). India: Bishop's College Press, p. 341

[2] Vaan, Michiel (2003) Beekes, R.S.P., Lubotsky, A., Weitenberg, J.J.S., editors, The Avestan Vowels (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 12), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN

[1]

[2]

سپين (spin)	خړ (xëṛ)	تور (tor)
سور (sur)	نارنجي (nâranji); نسواري (naswâri)	ژېړ (žeṛ)
	شين (šin)
		شين (shin)
چوڼيا (čuṇyâ); نيلي (nili)	کینخي (kinaxi)	ګلابي (gwëlâbi)

سور

Arabic[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Noun[edit]

Declension[edit]

References[edit]

Verb[edit]

Conjugation[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Noun[edit]

Ottoman Turkish[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Noun[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Noun[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Pashto[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

Declension[edit]

See also[edit]

Persian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Noun[edit]

References[edit]

Punjabi[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

References[edit]

Southeast Pashayi[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Ushojo[edit]

Noun[edit]

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