محرم

Arabic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mu.ħar.ram/

Etymology 1

Root
ح ر م (ḥ r m)
17 terms

Derived from the passive participle of حَرَّمَ (ḥarrama, “to forbid”); compare حَرَام (ḥarām, “forbidden”).

Adjective

مُحَرَّم • (muḥarram) (feminine مُحَرَّمَة (muḥarrama), masculine plural مُحَرَّمُون (muḥarramūn), feminine plural مُحَرَّمَات (muḥarramāt))

1. forbidden

Declension

Declension of adjective مُحَرَّم (muḥarram)

singular	masculine		feminine
	basic singular triptote		singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
informal	مُحَرَّم muḥarram	الْمُحَرَّم al-muḥarram	مُحَرَّمَة muḥarrama	الْمُحَرَّمَة al-muḥarrama
nominative	مُحَرَّمٌ muḥarramun	الْمُحَرَّمُ al-muḥarramu	مُحَرَّمَةٌ muḥarramatun	الْمُحَرَّمَةُ al-muḥarramatu
accusative	مُحَرَّمًا muḥarraman	الْمُحَرَّمَ al-muḥarrama	مُحَرَّمَةً muḥarramatan	الْمُحَرَّمَةَ al-muḥarramata
genitive	مُحَرَّمٍ muḥarramin	الْمُحَرَّمِ al-muḥarrami	مُحَرَّمَةٍ muḥarramatin	الْمُحَرَّمَةِ al-muḥarramati
dual	masculine		feminine
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
informal	مُحَرَّمَيْن muḥarramayn	الْمُحَرَّمَيْن al-muḥarramayn	مُحَرَّمَتَيْن muḥarramatayn	الْمُحَرَّمَتَيْن al-muḥarramatayn
nominative	مُحَرَّمَانِ muḥarramāni	الْمُحَرَّمَانِ al-muḥarramāni	مُحَرَّمَتَانِ muḥarramatāni	الْمُحَرَّمَتَانِ al-muḥarramatāni
accusative	مُحَرَّمَيْنِ muḥarramayni	الْمُحَرَّمَيْنِ al-muḥarramayni	مُحَرَّمَتَيْنِ muḥarramatayni	الْمُحَرَّمَتَيْنِ al-muḥarramatayni
genitive	مُحَرَّمَيْنِ muḥarramayni	الْمُحَرَّمَيْنِ al-muḥarramayni	مُحَرَّمَتَيْنِ muḥarramatayni	الْمُحَرَّمَتَيْنِ al-muḥarramatayni
plural	masculine		feminine
	sound masculine plural		sound feminine plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
informal	مُحَرَّمِين muḥarramīn	الْمُحَرَّمِين al-muḥarramīn	مُحَرَّمَات muḥarramāt	الْمُحَرَّمَات al-muḥarramāt
nominative	مُحَرَّمُونَ muḥarramūna	الْمُحَرَّمُونَ al-muḥarramūna	مُحَرَّمَاتٌ muḥarramātun	الْمُحَرَّمَاتُ al-muḥarramātu
accusative	مُحَرَّمِينَ muḥarramīna	الْمُحَرَّمِينَ al-muḥarramīna	مُحَرَّمَاتٍ muḥarramātin	الْمُحَرَّمَاتِ al-muḥarramāti
genitive	مُحَرَّمِينَ muḥarramīna	الْمُحَرَّمِينَ al-muḥarramīna	مُحَرَّمَاتٍ muḥarramātin	الْمُحَرَّمَاتِ al-muḥarramāti

Descendants

• → Portuguese: marrão
• → Spanish: marrano
  • → Catalan: marrà
  • → English: Marrano, marrano
  • → French: marrane
  • → Italian: marrano
  • → Portuguese: marrano
  • → Dutch: maraan
  • → Swedish: marran
  • → Sardinian: marranu
• → Chinese: 穆哈蘭姆月 / 穆哈兰姆月 (Mùhālánmǔyuè)
• → Japanese: マフラム (mafuramu)

Etymology 2

From الْمُحَرَّم (al-muḥarram, “the forbidden”), from الشَّهْر الْمُحَرَّم (aš-šahr al-muḥarram), literally "the forbidden month", for being one of the four months in which Arabs forbade fighting, a tradition continued in Islam. The month is of special importance for Shia Muslims, for being the month in which the Battle of Karbala occurred.

Proper noun

مُحَرَّم • (muḥarram) m

1. Muharram, the first of the twelve months of the Muslim lunar calendar, each beginning on a new moon.

   Synonym: اَلْمُحَرَّم (al-muḥarram)

Declension

Declension of noun مُحَرَّم (muḥarram)

singular	basic singular triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	—	مُحَرَّم muḥarram	—
nominative	—	مُحَرَّمٌ muḥarramun	—
accusative	—	مُحَرَّمًا muḥarraman	—
genitive	—	مُحَرَّمٍ muḥarramin	—

Synonyms

• مُحَرَّم الْحَرَام (muḥarram al-ḥarām)

Descendants

• Gulf Arabic: محرم (muharram)
• → Persian: محرم (moharram)
• → Chagatai: محرم (mḥrm)
  • → Uzbek: muharram

See also

Hijri calendar months in Arabic · الْأَشْهُر فِي التَّقْوِيمِ الْهِجْرِيّ (al-ʔašhur fī at-taqwīmi al-hijriyy) (layout · text)

Muharram	Safar	Rabi I	Rabi II
اَلْمُحَرَّم (al-muḥarram) مُحَرَّم (muḥarram)	صَفَر (ṣafar)	رَبِيع الْأَوَّل (rabīʕ al-ʔawwal)	رَبِيع الْآخِر (rabīʕ al-ʔāḵir) رَبِيع الثَّانِي (rabīʕ aṯ-ṯānī)
Jumada I	Jumada II	Rajab	Sha'ban
جُمَادَى الْأُولَى (jumādā l-ʔūlā)	جُمَادَى الْآخِرَة (jumādā l-ʔāḵira) جُمَادَى الثَّانِي (jumādā ṯ-ṯānī)	رَجَب (rajab)	شَعْبَان (šaʕbān)
Ramadan	Shawwal	Dhu'l-Qa'da	Dhu'l-Hijja
رَمَضَان (ramaḍān)	شَوَّال (šawwāl)	ذُو الْقَعْدَة (ḏū l-qaʕda)	ذُو الْحِجَّة (ḏū l-ḥijja)

• كَانُون الثَّانِي (kānūn aṯ-ṯānī)
• يَنَايِر (yanāyir)
• صَفَر (ṣafar)

Malay

Proper noun

محرم

1. Jawi spelling of Muharam.‎

Persian

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic مَحْرَم (maḥram).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /mah.ˈram/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [mäɦ.ɾám]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [mäɦ.ɾám]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [mɑː.ɾám]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [mɔː.ɾám]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [mæɦ.ɹǽm]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [mäɦ.ɾám]

Readings
Classical reading?	mahram
Dari reading?	mahram
Iranian reading?	mahram
Tajik reading?	mahram

Noun

محرم • (mahram) (Tajik spelling маҳрам)

1. (Islam) mahram; close family member who cannot be married
2. (by extension) confidant, intimate friend

   Synonyms: همدم (hamdam), دمساز (damsâz)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic مُحَرَّم (muḥarram).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /mu.har.ˈram/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [mo̞.ɦär.rám]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [mo̞.ɦär.rám]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [mʊ.wär.rám]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [mu.wär.rám]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [mo.ɦæɹ.ɹǽm]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [mu.ɦäɾ.ɾám]

Readings
Classical reading?	muharram
Dari reading?	moharram
Iranian reading?	moharram
Tajik reading?	muharram

Noun

محرم • (muharram / moharram) (Tajik spelling муҳаррам)

1. (Islam) Moharram (Islamic month)

See also

Islamic calendar months: تقویم هجری قمریedit

• محرم
• صفر
• ربیع‌الاول
• ربیع‌الثانی
• جمادی‌الاول
• جمادی‌الثانی
• رجب
• شعبان
• رمضان
• شوال
• ذی‌القعده
• ذی‌الحجه

Further reading

• Hayyim, Sulayman (1934), “محرم”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim
• Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–), “محرم”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press.