जड

See also: जड़, जाड़ा, जाडो, जूड़ा, जोड, जोड़, जोडा, जोड़ा, जोडी, and जोड़ी

Konkani

Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit जड (jaḍa).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [d͡zəɖ]

Adjective

जड • (jaḍ) (Latin script zodd, Kannada script ಜಡ್)

1. heavy

Marathi

Etymology

Inherited from Old Marathi 𑘕𑘚 (jaḍa), from Maharastri Prakrit 𑀚𑀟 (jaḍa), from Sanskrit जड (jaḍa). Related to जाड (jāḍ), जाडे (jāḍe, “thick, stout, fat”). Compare Gujarati જડ (jaḍ), Hindustani جَڑ (jaṛ) / जड़ (jaṛ), Sindhi جَڙُ (jaṛu) / जड़ु (jaṛu), Odia ଜଡ଼ (jaṛa), Bengali জড় (joṛ).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d͡zəɖ/

Adjective

जड • (j̈aḍ)

1. heavy
2. sluggish

   जीभ जड होणे ― jībh j̈aḍ hoṇe ― to have unclear articulation (literally, “tongue to become sluggish”)

3. difficult

   जड जाणे ― j̈aḍ j̈āṇe ― to be difficult (literally, “to go difficult”)

4. (of water) hard (with a high concentration of dissolved minerals)

   जड पाणी ― j̈aḍ pāṇī ― hard water

5. inanimate

Derived terms

• अवजड (avj̈aḍ)
• बोजड (boj̈aḍ)

Further reading

• Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983), “जड”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
• Raeside, Ian Matthew Paton; Nemade, Bhalchandra Vanaji (1991), Marathi Reading Course, London: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, page 188
• Molesworth, James Thomas (1857), “जड”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
• दाते, यशवंत रामकृष्ण [Date, Yashwant Ramkrishna] (1932-1950), “जड”, in महाराष्ट्र शब्दकोश (mahārāṣṭra śabdakoś) (in Marathi), पुणे [Pune]: महाराष्ट्र कोशमंडळ (mahārāṣṭra kośmaṇḍaḷ)
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “jaḍa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• জড (Assamese script)
• ᬚᬟ (Balinese script)
• জড (Bengali script)
• 𑰕𑰚 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀚𑀟 (Brahmi script)
• ဇဍ (Burmese script)
• જડ (Gujarati script)
• ਜਡ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌜𑌡 (Grantha script)
• ꦗꦝ (Javanese script)
• 𑂔𑂙 (Kaithi script)
• ಜಡ (Kannada script)
• ជឌ (Khmer script)
• ຊຑ (Lao script)
• ജഡ (Malayalam script)
• ᡯᠠᡷᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘕𑘚 (Modi script)
• ᠽᠠᢎᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦵𑦺 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐖𑐜 (Newa script)
• ଜଡ (Odia script)
• ꢙꢞ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆘𑆝 (Sharada script)
• 𑖕𑖚 (Siddham script)
• ජඩ (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩣𑩨 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚑𑚖 (Takri script)
• ஜட³ (Tamil script)
• జడ (Telugu script)
• ชฑ (Thai script)
• ཛ་ཌ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒖𑒛 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨥𑨖 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Uncertain.

• According to Turner, probably of substrate origin.
• According to proponents of Fortunatov's law, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *gel-d-os via Proto-Indo-Aryan *ȷ́alḍás. In this case, related to Vedic Sanskrit जळ्हु (jáḷhu, “dull”), जल् (jal, “to be stiff or dull”), and cognate with English cold and Latin gelidus.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /d͡ʑɐ.ɖɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /d͡ʑɐ.ɖɐ/

Adjective

ज॒ड • (jaḍá) stem

1. cold, frigid
2. stiff, torpid
3. stupid, dull

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of ज॒ड

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	ज॒डः (jaḍáḥ)	ज॒डौ (jaḍáu) ज॒डा¹ (jaḍā́¹)	ज॒डाः (jaḍā́ḥ) ज॒डासः॑¹ (jaḍā́saḥ¹)
accusative	ज॒डम् (jaḍám)	ज॒डौ (jaḍáu) ज॒डा¹ (jaḍā́¹)	ज॒डान् (jaḍā́n)
instrumental	ज॒डेन॑ (jaḍéna)	ज॒डाभ्या॑म् (jaḍā́bhyām)	ज॒डैः (jaḍáiḥ) ज॒डेभिः॑¹ (jaḍébhiḥ¹)
dative	ज॒डाय॑ (jaḍā́ya)	ज॒डाभ्या॑म् (jaḍā́bhyām)	ज॒डेभ्यः॑ (jaḍébhyaḥ)
ablative	ज॒डात् (jaḍā́t)	ज॒डाभ्या॑म् (jaḍā́bhyām)	ज॒डेभ्यः॑ (jaḍébhyaḥ)
genitive	ज॒डस्य॑ (jaḍásya)	ज॒डयोः॑ (jaḍáyoḥ)	ज॒डाना॑म् (jaḍā́nām)
locative	ज॒डे (jaḍé)	ज॒डयोः॑ (jaḍáyoḥ)	ज॒डेषु॑ (jaḍéṣu)
vocative	जड॑ (jáḍa)	जडौ॑ (jáḍau) जडा॑¹ (jáḍā¹)	जडाः॑ (jáḍāḥ) जडा॑सः¹ (jáḍāsaḥ¹)

• ¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of ज॒डा

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	ज॒डा (jaḍā́)	ज॒डे (jaḍé)	ज॒डाः (jaḍā́ḥ)
accusative	ज॒डाम् (jaḍā́m)	ज॒डे (jaḍé)	ज॒डाः (jaḍā́ḥ)
instrumental	ज॒डया॑ (jaḍáyā) ज॒डा¹ (jaḍā́¹)	ज॒डाभ्या॑म् (jaḍā́bhyām)	ज॒डाभिः॑ (jaḍā́bhiḥ)
dative	ज॒डायै॑ (jaḍā́yai)	ज॒डाभ्या॑म् (jaḍā́bhyām)	ज॒डाभ्यः॑ (jaḍā́bhyaḥ)
ablative	ज॒डायाः॑ (jaḍā́yāḥ) ज॒डायै॑² (jaḍā́yai²)	ज॒डाभ्या॑म् (jaḍā́bhyām)	ज॒डाभ्यः॑ (jaḍā́bhyaḥ)
genitive	ज॒डायाः॑ (jaḍā́yāḥ) ज॒डायै॑² (jaḍā́yai²)	ज॒डयोः॑ (jaḍáyoḥ)	ज॒डाना॑म् (jaḍā́nām)
locative	ज॒डाया॑म् (jaḍā́yām)	ज॒डयोः॑ (jaḍáyoḥ)	ज॒डासु॑ (jaḍā́su)
vocative	जडे॑ (jáḍe)	जडे॑ (jáḍe)	जडाः॑ (jáḍāḥ)

• ¹Vedic
• ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of ज॒ड

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	ज॒डम् (jaḍám)	ज॒डे (jaḍé)	ज॒डानि॑ (jaḍā́ni) ज॒डा¹ (jaḍā́¹)
accusative	ज॒डम् (jaḍám)	ज॒डे (jaḍé)	ज॒डानि॑ (jaḍā́ni) ज॒डा¹ (jaḍā́¹)
instrumental	ज॒डेन॑ (jaḍéna)	ज॒डाभ्या॑म् (jaḍā́bhyām)	ज॒डैः (jaḍáiḥ) ज॒डेभिः॑¹ (jaḍébhiḥ¹)
dative	ज॒डाय॑ (jaḍā́ya)	ज॒डाभ्या॑म् (jaḍā́bhyām)	ज॒डेभ्यः॑ (jaḍébhyaḥ)
ablative	ज॒डात् (jaḍā́t)	ज॒डाभ्या॑म् (jaḍā́bhyām)	ज॒डेभ्यः॑ (jaḍébhyaḥ)
genitive	ज॒डस्य॑ (jaḍásya)	ज॒डयोः॑ (jaḍáyoḥ)	ज॒डाना॑म् (jaḍā́nām)
locative	ज॒डे (jaḍé)	ज॒डयोः॑ (jaḍáyoḥ)	ज॒डेषु॑ (jaḍéṣu)
vocative	जड॑ (jáḍa)	जडे॑ (jáḍe)	जडा॑नि (jáḍāni) जडा॑¹ (jáḍā¹)

• ¹Vedic

Derived terms

• अजड (ajaḍa)
• जडता (jaḍatā)
• जडत्व (jaḍatva)
• जडभाव (jaḍabhāva)
• जडयति (jaḍayati, “makes without feeling for, renders weak”)
• जाड्य (jāḍya, “coldness”, Vṛddhi derivative)

Descendants

• Pali: jaḷa (“dull, stupid”)
• Prakrit: 𑀚𑀟 (jaḍa, “lifeless, foolish, cold”), 𑀚𑀮 n (jala, “coldness”), 𑀚𑀟𑁆𑀟 (jaḍḍa, “weak”)
  • Gujarati: જડ (jaḍ)
  • Hindustani:
    • Hindi: जड़ (jaṛ)
    • Urdu: جَڑ (jaṛ)
  • Sindhi: جَڙُ (jaṛu) / जड़ु (jaṛu)
  • Odia: ଜଡ଼ (jaṛa)
  • Bengali: জড় (joṛ)

References

• Monier Williams (1899), “जड”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 409.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “jaḍa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press