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ธรรม

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Thai

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Sanskrit धर्म (dhárma, “that which upholds or supports”). Compare Pali dhamma, from which Thai ธัมมะ and its alternative forms are derived. Cognate with Old Khmer ធម្ម៌ (dharmma), ធម៌ (dharma), ធាម្ម៌ (dhārmma); Modern Khmer ធម៌ (thɔə), ធម្ម (thŏəm).

Pronunciation

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Orthographicธรรม
dʰ r r m
Phonemic
{Reduplication}
ทำ
d å
[bound form]
ทำ-มะ-
d å – m a –
RomanizationPaiboontamtam-má-
Royal Institutethamtham-ma-
(standard) IPA(key)/tʰam˧/(R)/tʰam˧.ma˦˥./
Homophonesทำ

Noun

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ธรรม

  1. moral virtue; moral excellence; morality.
  2. fairness; righteousness; justness; justice.
  3. (Indian religions, as Buddhism, Hinduism, etc) (พระ~) dharma.
  4. (religion) (พระ~) teaching; instruction; doctrine; principle.
  5. (religion) (พระ~) precept; code of conduct.
  6. rule; regulation.
  7. (obsolete, now chiefly figurative) law; statute.
  8. nature; condition; state.
  9. thing; matter; article; object; substance.
  10. (Buddhism in Thailand) a noble rank of a priest, above the rank of เทพ (têep) and below those given silver cards of rank called หิรัญบัฏ.

Derived terms

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Further reading

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  • “ธรรม” in Thai Dictionary Project (TDP) (UC Berkeley 1964) (plus additional data from the Royal Institute of Thailand (RI) and NECTEC's LEXITRON project (LEX)). Searchable online at SEAlang.net.
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