さよなら
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Japanese[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Shortening of さようなら (sayōnara).[1][2][3]
First attested in 1770 as a conjunction and interjection, with the farewell noun sense attested from 1924, and the verb sense from roughly 1937.[1]
Pronunciation[edit]
- (Tokyo) さよなら [sàyónáꜜrà] (Nakadaka – [3])[2][4][5]
- (Tokyo) さよなら [sàyónáráꜜ] (Odaka – [4])[2][4][5]
- IPA(key): [sa̠jo̞na̠ɾa̠]
Audio (file)
Interjection[edit]
- [1770] Alternative form of さようなら (sayōnara, “so long; goodbye; farewell”)
- 1988 July 30 [1983 December 25], Fujiko F. Fujio, “愛人製造法 [How to Create a Loved One]”, in ひとりぼっちの宇宙戦争 [The One-Man Cosmic War] (藤子不二雄少年SF短編集; 1), 16th edition, volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 190:
- さよなら、……ぼくの麻理ちゃん。
- Sayonara,…… boku no Mari-chan.
- Goodbye,… my Mari-chan
- さよなら、……ぼくの麻理ちゃん。
Noun[edit]
- [1924] Alternative form of さようなら (sayōnara, “farewell; goodbye; parting”)[1][2][3]
- 1974, “グッド・バイ・マイ・ラブ”, なかにし礼 (lyrics), performed by アン・ルイス:
- これが本当のさよならじゃないの
- kore ga hontō no sayonara ja nai no
- this is not a true farewell
- これが本当のさよならじゃないの
Derived terms[edit]
Verb[edit]
さよならする or サヨナラする • (sayonara suru) suru (stem さよならし (sayonarasuru shi), past さよならした (sayonarasuru shita))
- [circa 1937] to say goodbye, to bid goodbye
- 青春にさよならする
- seishun ni sayonara suru
- to bid farewell to one's youth
- 青春にさよならする
Conjugation[edit]
Conjugation of "さよならする" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | さよならし | sayonara shi | ||
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | さよならし | sayonara shi | ||
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | さよならする | sayonara suru | ||
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | さよならする | sayonara suru | ||
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | さよならすれ | sayonara sure | ||
| Meireikei ("imperative") | さよならせよ¹ さよならしろ² |
sayonara seyo¹ sayonara shiro² | ||
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | さよならされる | sayonara sareru | ||
| Causative | さよならさせる さよならさす |
sayonara saseru sayonara sasu | ||
| Potential | さよならできる | sayonara dekiru | ||
| Volitional | さよならしよう | sayonara shiyō | ||
| Negative | さよならしない | sayonara shinai | ||
| Negative continuative | さよならせず | sayonara sezu | ||
| Formal | さよならします | sayonara shimasu | ||
| Perfective | さよならした | sayonara shita | ||
| Conjunctive | さよならして | sayonara shite | ||
| Hypothetical conditional | さよならすれば | sayonara sureba | ||
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
Descendants[edit]
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN