まで

See also: まて

Japanese

Alternative spellings
迄 迠

Etymology

Ultimate derivation unsettled, with likely theories including 1) a shift from 真(ま)手(て) (mate, “both hands”), considering Man'yōshū spellings of 二手 (literally “two hands”), 左右手 (literally “left and right hands”), and 諸手 (literally “both hands”); or perhaps a shift or other relation to 的(まと) (mato, “target”).

First attested in the Kojiki of 712 with the phonetic spelling 摩弖 (mate).

Cognate with Okinawan までぃ (madi).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) まで [máꜜdè] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [ma̠de̞]

Particle

まで • (made) 

1. until, up to, as far as

   十(じゅう)時(じ)まで働(はたら)くつもりだ。

   Jū-ji made hataraku tsumori da.

   I intend to work until ten o'clock.

   この電(でん)車(しゃ)は、下(しもの)関(せき)まで行(い)きます。

   Kono densha wa, Shimonoseki made ikimasu.

   This train goes as far as Shimonoseki.

   三(さん)時(じ)から五(ご)時(じ)まで。

   San-ji kara go-ji made.

   From three o'clock until five o'clock.

   帰(かえ)るまで待(ま)っている。

   Kaeru made matteiru.

   I'll wait until you come home.

   33(さんじゅうさん)億(おく)円(えん)にまで減(げん)少(しょう)する

   sanjūsan-oku-en ni made genshō suru

   to decrease all the way to 3.3 billion yen

   異(い)常(じょう)なまでに興(こう)奮(ふん)する

   ijō na made ni kōfunsuru

   to be abnormally excited; to be excited to an abnormal degree

   ご参(さん)考(こう)まで。

   Go-sankō made.

   for your reference

   • マンガで分かるLisp (Manga Guide to Lisp)

     みりん。地(ち)域(いき)猫(ねこ)。最(さい)近(きん)までマクロのことをマグロと思(おも)っていた。

     Mirin. Chiiki-neko. Saikin made makuro no koto o maguro to omotteita.

     Mirin: A neighbours' cat. Until recently often confused macros with tuna [maguro].

Usage notes

• まで (made) is often used along with から (kara, “from”) to provide a range of something (e.g., time or distance).

Derived terms

• 飽(あ)く迄(まで) (aku made)
• 言(い)う迄(まで)も無(な)い (iu made mo nai)
• 心(こころ)行(ゆ)く迄(まで) (kokoroyuku made)
• 坊(ぼう)主(ず)憎(にく)けりゃ袈(け)裟(さ)まで憎(にく)い (bōzu nikukerya kesa made nikui)

See also

• ほど (hodo)