古い

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
ふる
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Alternative forms

Etymology

⟨puruki1 → */purukʲi//ɸurugʲi//ɸuruɣi//ɸuruji//furui/

Shift from furuki, the 連体形 (rentaikei, attributive form) of classical adjective 古し (furushi).

An intervocalic sound-change caused the medial plosive /-k-/ to undergo voicing, then spirantization, then gliding, then being dropped, before /-i, -u, -e, -o/ [1]

Pronunciation

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  • Tokyo pitch accent of inflected forms of "古い"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Continuative (連用形) 古く るく
[fúꜜrùkù]
[fùrúꜜkù]
Terminal (終止形) 古い [fùrúꜜì]
Attributive (連体形) 古い [fùrúꜜì]
Key constructions
Informal negative 古くない るくない
くない
[fúꜜrùkùnàì]
[fùrúꜜkùnàì]
Informal past 古かった るかった
かった
[fúꜜrùkàttà]
[fùrúꜜkàttà]
Informal negative past 古くなかった るくなかった
くなかった
[fúꜜrùkùnàkàttà]
[fùrúꜜkùnàkàttà]
Formal 古いです いです [fùrúꜜìdèsù]
Conjunctive 古くて るくて
くて
[fúꜜrùkùtè]
[fùrúꜜkùtè]
Conditional 古ければ るければ
ければ
[fúꜜrùkèrèbà]
[fùrúꜜkèrèbà]

Adjective

(ふる) (furui-i (adverbial (ふる) (furuku))

  1. (not of a person) old, aged, antiqued
    (わたし)以前(いぜん)(ふる)ロールスロイスを()っていた。
    Watashi wa izen furui Rōrusu-Roisu o motte ita.
    I used to own an old Rolls-Royce.
    (わたし)(ふる)ランプを()った。
    Watashi wa furui ranpu o katta.
    I bought an old lamp.

Inflection

Antonyms

Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Hamano, S. Journal of East Asian Linguistics (2000) 9: 207. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008367619295