吃驚
Chinese
eat; eradicate; destroy eat; eradicate; destroy; receive; stammer |
to startle; to be frightened; to be scared to startle; to be frightened; to be scared; alarm | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (吃驚/喫驚) | 吃/喫 | 驚 | |
simp. (吃惊) | 吃 | 惊 |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄔ ㄐㄧㄥ
- Tongyong Pinyin: chihjing
- Wade–Giles: chʻih1-ching1
- Yale: chr̄-jīng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyjing
- Palladius: чицзин (čiczin)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: hek3 ging1
- Yale: hek gīng
- Cantonese Pinyin: hek8 ging1
- Guangdong Romanization: hég3 ging1
- Sinological IPA (key): /hɛːk̚³ kɪŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
Verb
吃驚
- to be taken aback; to be startled; to be surprised
Synonyms
Derived terms
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Related terms
Japanese
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
吃 | 驚 |
きつ > きっ Hyōgaiji |
きょう Grade: S |
on’yomi |
/kikkjau/ → /kikkjɔː/ → /kikkjoː/
From Middle Chinese 吃驚 (MC kj+t kjaeng, literally “to stammer, to falter + to be afraid”).
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
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Noun
吃驚 • (kikkyō) ←きっきやう (kikkyau)?
Verb
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- to be surprised, to be frightened
Conjugation
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 吃驚し | きっきょうし | kikkyō shi | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 吃驚し | きっきょうし | kikkyō shi | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 吃驚する | きっきょうする | kikkyō suru | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 吃驚する | きっきょうする | kikkyō suru | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 吃驚すれ | きっきょうすれ | kikkyō sure | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 吃驚せよ¹ 吃驚しろ² |
きっきょうせよ¹ きっきょうしろ² |
kikkyō seyo¹ kikkyō shiro² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 吃驚される | きっきょうされる | kikkyō sareru | |
Causative | 吃驚させる 吃驚さす |
きっきょうさせる きっきょうさす |
kikkyō saseru kikkyō sasu | |
Potential | 吃驚できる | きっきょうできる | kikkyō dekiru | |
Volitional | 吃驚しよう | きっきょうしよう | kikkyō shiyō | |
Negative | 吃驚しない | きっきょうしない | kikkyō shinai | |
Negative continuative | 吃驚せず | きっきょうせず | kikkyō sezu | |
Formal | 吃驚します | きっきょうします | kikkyō shimasu | |
Perfective | 吃驚した | きっきょうした | kikkyō shita | |
Conjunctive | 吃驚して | きっきょうして | kikkyō shite | |
Hypothetical conditional | 吃驚すれば | きっきょうすれば | kikkyō sureba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative |
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
吃 | 驚 |
Hyōgaiji | Grade: S |
irregular |
Derivation from the びく (biku) root found in other terms such as びくっと (bikutto, “startedly”), びくつく (bikutsuku, “to shiver, as from fright; to startle; to become nervous”). The underlying meaning of the root appears to be twitch or start (noun).[1]
This is one of many adverbs formed by the addition of the suffix り (ri) to the root, and then gemination of the middle consonant. The suffix may derive from the auxiliary verb り (ri), itself from classical verb あり (ari, “is, are”).
*biku → bikuri → bikkuri
The kanji spellings for this term are very rare. The kana spellings びっくり or ビックリ are much more common.
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
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Adverb
Related terms
Verb
吃驚する or 吃驚する • (bikkuri suru) suru (stem 吃驚し (bikkuri shi), past 吃驚した (bikkuri shita))
- to be surprised, to be startled, to be frightened, to be astonished
Conjugation
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 吃驚し | びっくりし | bikkuri shi | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 吃驚し | びっくりし | bikkuri shi | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 吃驚する | びっくりする | bikkuri suru | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 吃驚する | びっくりする | bikkuri suru | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 吃驚すれ | びっくりすれ | bikkuri sure | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 吃驚せよ¹ 吃驚しろ² |
びっくりせよ¹ びっくりしろ² |
bikkuri seyo¹ bikkuri shiro² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 吃驚される | びっくりされる | bikkuri sareru | |
Causative | 吃驚させる 吃驚さす |
びっくりさせる びっくりさす |
bikkuri saseru bikkuri sasu | |
Potential | 吃驚できる | びっくりできる | bikkuri dekiru | |
Volitional | 吃驚しよう | びっくりしよう | bikkuri shiyō | |
Negative | 吃驚しない | びっくりしない | bikkuri shinai | |
Negative continuative | 吃驚せず | びっくりせず | bikkuri sezu | |
Formal | 吃驚します | びっくりします | bikkuri shimasu | |
Perfective | 吃驚した | びっくりした | bikkuri shita | |
Conjunctive | 吃驚して | びっくりして | bikkuri shite | |
Hypothetical conditional | 吃驚すれば | びっくりすれば | bikkuri sureba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative |
References
- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
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