大破

Chinese

		big; great; huge big; great; huge; large; major; wide; deep; oldest; eldest; doctor	to break; to split; broken to break; to split; broken; damaged; worn out
simp. and trad. (大破)		大	破

Etymology

Wasei kango (和(わ)製(せい)漢(かん)語(ご)), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 大(たい)破(は) (taiha, “heavy damage”)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): dàpò

  (Zhuyin): ㄉㄚˋ ㄆㄛˋ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: dàpò
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄚˋ ㄆㄛˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: dàpò
    • Wade–Giles: ta⁴-pʻo⁴
    • Yale: dà-pwò
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dahpoh
    • Palladius: дапо (dapo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ pʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/

Noun

大破

1. (rail transport) severe damage

   • 動車組車輛報廢7輛、大破2輛、中破5輛、輕微小破15輛 [MSC, trad.]
     动车组车辆报废7辆、大破2辆、中破5辆、轻微小破15辆 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 2011, “7·23”甬温线特别重大铁路交通事故调查报告

     dòngchēzǔ chēliàng bàofèi 7 liàng, dàpò 2 liàng, zhōngpò 5 liàng, qīngwēi xiǎopò 15 liàng [Pinyin]

     [caused] 7 EMU vehicles scrapped, 2 severely damaged, 5 medium damaged, and 15 were slightly damaged

Usage notes

Only used in the China Railway system. The severity is pursuant to CR's Rules for Handling Railway Traffic Accidents.

Coordinate terms

• 中破 (zhōngpò)
• 小破 (xiǎopò)
• 機破／机破

Japanese

Kanji in this term
大	破
たい Grade: 1	は Grade: 5
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) たいは [táꜜìhà] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [ta̠iha̠]

Noun

大(たい)破(は) • (taiha) ^{←たいは (taifa)?}

1. heavy damage

Coordinate terms

• 大破(たいは) (taiha), 中破(ちゅうは) (chūha), 小破(しょうは) (shōha)

Verb

大(たい)破(は)する • (taiha suru) ^{←たいは (taifa)?}suru (stem 大(たい)破(は)し (taiha shi), past 大(たい)破(は)した (taiha shita))

1. to sustain heavy damage

Conjugation

Conjugation of "大破する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	大破し	たいはし	taiha shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	大破し	たいはし	taiha shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	大破する	たいはする	taiha suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	大破する	たいはする	taiha suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	大破すれ	たいはすれ	taiha sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	大破せよ¹ 大破しろ²	たいはせよ¹ たいはしろ²	taiha seyo¹ taiha shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	大破される	たいはされる	taiha sareru
Causative	大破させる 大破さす	たいはさせる たいはさす	taiha saseru taiha sasu
Potential	大破できる	たいはできる	taiha dekiru
Volitional	大破しよう	たいはしよう	taiha shiyō
Negative	大破しない	たいはしない	taiha shinai
Negative continuative	大破せず	たいはせず	taiha sezu
Formal	大破します	たいはします	taiha shimasu
Perfective	大破した	たいはした	taiha shita
Conjunctive	大破して	たいはして	taiha shite
Hypothetical conditional	大破すれば	たいはすれば	taiha sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

• “大破”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026