寒天
Chinese
cold; poor; to tremble | day; sky; heaven | ||
---|---|---|---|
simp. and trad. (寒天) |
寒 | 天 |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): hon4 tin1
- Hakka
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄏㄢˊ ㄊㄧㄢ
- Tongyong Pinyin: hántian
- Wade–Giles: han2-tʻien1
- Yale: hán-tyān
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: harntian
- Palladius: ханьтянь (xanʹtjanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /xän³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄏㄢˊ ㄊㄧㄢㄦ
- Tongyong Pinyin: hántianr
- Wade–Giles: han2-tʻien1-ʼrh
- Yale: hán-tyānr
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: harntial
- Palladius: ханьтяньр (xanʹtjanʹr)
- Sinological IPA (key): /xän³⁵ tʰi̯ɑɻ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: hon4 tin1
- Yale: hòhn tīn
- Cantonese Pinyin: hon4 tin1
- Guangdong Romanization: hon4 tin1
- Sinological IPA (key): /hɔːn²¹ tʰiːn⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hòn-thiên
- Hakka Romanization System: honˇ tienˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: hon2 tian1
- Sinological IPA: /hon¹¹ tʰi̯en²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Southern Min
Noun
(deprecated template usage) 寒天
- chilly weather; cold weather
- (Hakka, Eastern Min, Southern Min, Wu) winter
- Alternative name for 洋菜 (yángcài, “agar; agar-agar: vegetable gelatine”).
Usage notes
- This is a more colloquial way to say “winter” than 冬天 (tang-thiⁿ) in Min Nan.
Synonyms
Derived terms
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Japanese
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
寒 | 天 |
かん Grade: 3 |
てん Grade: 1 |
on'yomi |
Pronunciation
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Etymology 1
From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Middle Chinese compound 寒天 (MC han then). Compare the modern (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Hakka hòn-thiên or (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Min Nan kôaⁿ-thiⁿ.
Noun
Synonyms
- 寒空 (samuzora)
Etymology 2
Kanten was discovered in roughly 1658 by innkeeper 美濃太郎左衛門 (Mino Tarōzaemon) after discarding some 心太 (tokoroten, “a kind of jelly-like noodle made from boiled seaweed extract”) outside, and noticing that it had gelled overnight in the winter weather and then dried to a white powder over the next few days. According to various sources, the substance was called 寒天 by taking the first and last elements of the phrase 寒晒(し)心太 (kan-zarashi tokoroten), literally “cold-exposed tokoroten”.[1][2]
Noun
Derived terms
- 寒天紙 (kantengami): a thin sheet of dried kanten, used to add gloss to woven textiles and as decoration for women's braided hairstyles
- 寒天草 (kantengusa): alternate name for 天草 (tengusa), a sea vegetable from which kanten is made
- 寒天織 (kanten shiki): gelatinous connective tissue, a type of connective tissue found in invertebrate animals and in the early stages of vertebrate animal development
- 寒天培養基 (kanten baiyōki): agar culture medium
- 寒天版 (kantenban): an agar printing plate used for printmaking, basically identical to a gelatin printing plate
References
- ^ 2014, 女性におすすめのダイエット食と健康食 (Josei ni Osusume no Daietto Shoku to Kenkō Shoku, “Diet and Health Foods Recommended for Women”) (in Japanese), All About staff editors, Tōkyō: All About.
Text may be viewable at Google Books here. - ^ 2006, 日本料理事物起源 (Nihon Ryōri Jibutsu Kigen, “The Origins of Japanese Cuisine Items”) (in Japanese), Kōzō Kawakami and Masahiro Koide, Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten.
A text snippet may be viewable at Google Books here.
- Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Hakka nouns
- Hokkien nouns
- Teochew nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 寒
- Chinese terms spelled with 天
- Hakka Chinese
- Eastern Min Chinese
- Southern Min Chinese
- Wu Chinese
- Japanese terms spelled with 寒 read as かん
- Japanese terms spelled with 天 read as てん
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 2 kanji