敗勢

See also: 败势

Chinese

		be defeated; to defeat; loss	power; force; tendency power; force; tendency; conditions; influence
trad. (敗勢)		敗	勢
simp. (败势)		败	势
alternative forms		怌勢／怌势

Etymology

From Hokkien 歹勢／歹势 (pháiⁿ-sè).

Pronunciation

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): phài-se

  (Hailu, HRS): pai^˖ she^ˇ

---

• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phài-se
    • Hakka Romanization System: pai^ˇ se
    • Hagfa Pinyim: pai² se⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /pʰai̯¹¹ se⁵⁵/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: pai^˖ she^ˇ
    • Sinological IPA: /pʰai³³ ʃe¹¹/

Interjection

敗勢

1. (Taiwanese Hakka) sorry; excuse me

   敗勢！毋堵好摎你个車仔撞壞了。 [Sixian Hakka, trad.]
   败势！毋堵好摎你个车仔撞坏了。 [Sixian Hakka, simp.]

   Phài-se! M̀-tú-hó lâu ǹg ke chhâ-é chhong-fái lé. [Pha̍k-fa-sṳ]

   Sorry, [I] accidentally broke your car.

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 對不起 (“sorry”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		對不起
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	對不起
	Taiwan	對不起
	Chengde	對不起
	Harbin	對不起
	Changchun	對不起
	Jilin	對不住
	Shenyang	對不起
	Malaysia	對不起
	Singapore	對不起
Jilu Mandarin	Cangzhou	對不起
	Baoding	對不起
	Shijiazhuang	對不住
	Xingtai	對不住
	Jinan	對不起, 對不住
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Dalian	對不起
	Yantai	對不起
	Qingdao	對不起, 對不住
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	對不住
	Zhumadian	對不住
	Zhoukou	對不住
	Nanyang	對不起, 對不住
	Linyi	對不起, 對不住
	Wanrong	對不起, 不好意思
	Zhengzhou	對不起, 外氣
	Kaifeng	對不住
	Xi'an	對不起, 對不住
	Xianyang	對不起
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	擔持
	Lanzhou	對不起
	Ürümqi	對不起
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	對不起
	Chongqing	對不起, 對不住, 不好意思, 抱歉
	Wuhan	對不起
	Lhasa	對不起
	Guiyang	對不起
	Kunming	不好意思
	Liuzhou	對沒起, 沒好意思
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	對不起
	Yangzhou	對不起
	Taizhou	對不起
	Nantong	對不起
	Hefei	對不住
Cantonese	Guangzhou	對唔住
	Hong Kong	對唔住, sorry, sor informal
	Macau	對唔住
	Taishan	對唔住
	Nanning	對冇住
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	對唔住
	Singapore (Guangfu)	對唔住
Gan	Nanchang	不好得的
	Yichun	對不住
	Ji'an	難為你
Hakka	Meixian	對唔住
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	唔好意思
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	失禮, 敗勢, 斯里麻生
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	失禮, 壞勢, 斯里麻生
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	失禮, 敗勢, 斯里麻生
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	失禮, 敗勢, 歪勢, 斯里麻生
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	失禮, 敗勢, 斯里麻生
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	失禮, 歹勢, 斯里麻生
	Singapore (Dabu)	敗勢
Jin	Taiyuan	對不起
Northern Min	Jian'ou	對伓住
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	對不住
	Matsu	對不住
Southern Min	Xiamen	歹勢, 對不住, 失禮
	Quanzhou	歹勢, 對不住
	Zhangzhou	䆀勢, 對不住
	Taipei	失禮, 歹勢
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	失禮
	Kaohsiung	失禮, 歹勢
	Yilan	失禮
	Changhua (Lukang)	失禮, 歹勢
	Taichung	失禮
	Taichung (Wuqi)	失禮
	Tainan	失禮, 歹勢
	Taitung	歹勢
	Hsinchu	失禮
	Kinmen	失禮
	Penghu (Magong)	失禮
	Penang (Hokkien)	歹勢, sorry
	Singapore (Hokkien)	歹勢, 對毋住, sorry
	Manila (Hokkien)	歹勢, 對不住
	Chaozhou	對唔住
	Shantou	對唔住
	Singapore (Teochew)	對唔住, 歹勢
Wu	Shanghai	勿好意思, 對勿起
	Shanghai (Xinzhuang, Minhang)	對勿起
	Shanghai (Songjiang)	對勿起
	Shanghai (Chuansha, Pudong)	對勿起
	Shanghai (Jiading)	對勿起
	Shanghai (Chongming)	對勿住
	Suzhou	對弗起
	Wuxi	對弗住
	Kunshan	對弗起
	Taicang	抱歉
	Zhangjiagang	對弗起
	Haining (Xiashi)	對勿住
	Changzhou	對勿起
	Hangzhou	對不起
	Tonglu	對勿住
	Shaoxing	對勿住
	Ningbo	交代勿過, 勿好意思
	Yuyao	對勿住, 交代勿過
	Cixi	交代弗過
	Taizhou (Jiaojiang)	對弗住
	Linhai	對弗住
	Wenzhou	對否起
	Rui'an	對否起
	Jinhua	對弗住, 弗好意思
Xiang	Changsha	對不住
	Loudi	對不住

Dialectal synonyms of 不好意思 (“excuse me”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		不好意思
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	不好意思
	Taiwan	不好意思
	Singapore	不好意思
Cantonese	Guangzhou	唔好意思
	Hong Kong	唔好意思
	Taishan	唔好意思
	Singapore (Guangfu)	唔好意思
Hakka	Meixian	唔好意思
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	敗勢
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	壞勢
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	敗勢
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	敗勢, 歪勢
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	敗勢
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	歹勢
	Kuching (Hepo)	唔好意思
	Singapore (Dabu)	敗勢
Southern Min	Xiamen	歹勢
	Quanzhou	歹勢
	Shishi	歹勢
	Zhangzhou	䆀勢
	Taipei	歹勢
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	歹勢
	Kaohsiung	歹勢
	Yilan	歹勢
	Changhua (Lukang)	歹勢
	Taichung	歹勢
	Taichung (Wuqi)	歹勢
	Tainan	歹勢
	Taitung	歹勢
	Hsinchu	歹勢
	Kinmen	歹勢
	Penghu (Magong)	歹勢
	Penang (Hokkien)	歹勢, 無好意思
	Singapore (Hokkien)	歹勢
	Manila (Hokkien)	歹勢
	Chaozhou	孬意思
	Shantou	孬意思
	Jieyang	孬意思
	Singapore (Teochew)	孬意思, 歹勢
Wu	Shanghai	勿好意思
	Hangzhou	不好意思

References

• 臺灣客語辭典 [Dictionary of Taiwan Hakka] (overall work in Chinese and Hakka), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2022.