曆

See also: 暦 and 历

Translingual

Traditional	曆
Shinjitai	暦
Simplified	历

Han character

曆 (Kangxi radical 72, 日+12, 16 strokes, cangjie input 一竹木日 (MHDA) or 一木日 (MDA), four-corner 7126₉, composition ⿸厤日)

Related characters

• 歷, 磿

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 500, character 10
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14171
• Dae Jaweon: page 870, character 8
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1536, character 2
• Unihan data for U+66C6

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Chinese

trad.		曆
simp.		历*
alternative forms		暦 𢍷

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (秝) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
秝	*reːɡ
歷	*reːɡ
曆	*reːɡ
磿	*reːɡ
靂	*reːɡ
癧	*reːɡ
櫪	*reːɡ
藶	*reːɡ
瀝	*reːɡ
攊	*reːɡ
厤	*reːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːɡ) : phonetic 厤 (OC *reːɡ) + semantic 日 (“sun; day”).

Etymology

Derivative, meaning "calendar" < "calendrical calculations" (Shu), of 歷 (OC *rêk) "to calculate". See there for more.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): lì (li⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): lik⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): la̍k
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): la̍h / lia̍k / le̍k

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: lì
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: lì
    • Wade–Giles: li⁴
    • Yale: lì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lih
    • Palladius: ли (li)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /li⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: lik⁶
    • Yale: lihk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: lik⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: lig⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɪk̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: la̍k
    • Hakka Romanization System: lag
    • Hagfa Pinyim: lag⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /lak̚⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: la̍h
    • Tâi-lô: la̍h
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lah
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /laʔ⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /laʔ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /laʔ¹²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lia̍k
    • Tâi-lô: lia̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: liak
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /liak̚²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: le̍k
    • Tâi-lô: li̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lek
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /liɪk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /liɪk̚¹²¹/

Note:

• la̍h - vernacular;
• lia̍k/le̍k - literary.

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 曆
Mandarin	Beijing	/li⁵¹/
	Harbin	/li⁵³/
	Tianjin	/li⁵³/
	Jinan	/li²¹/
	Qingdao	/li⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/li²⁴/
	Xi'an	/li²¹/
	Xining	/l̩⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/li¹³/
	Lanzhou	/li¹³/
	Ürümqi	/li²¹³/
	Wuhan	/ni²¹³/
	Chengdu	/ni³¹/
	Guiyang	/ni²¹/
	Kunming	/li³¹/
	Nanjing	/li⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/liəʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/liəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/liʌʔ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/liəʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/liɪʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/liəʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/liəʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/lei²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/li²²/
	Tunxi	/le¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/li²⁴/
	Xiangtan	/ni²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/liʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/lak̚⁵/
	Taoyuan	/lɑk̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/lek̚²/
	Nanning	/lek̚²²/
	Hong Kong	/lik̚²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/lik̚⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/liʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/li²⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/leʔ⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/lek̚³/

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• Middle Chinese: lek

Rime
Character	曆
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	錫 (127)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	郎擊切
Baxter	lek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lek̚/
Pan Wuyun	/lek̚/
Shao Rongfen	/lɛk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɛjk̚/
Li Rong	/lek̚/
Wang Li	/liek̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/liek̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lik6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ˤek/

  (Zhengzhang): /*reːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	曆
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lì
Middle Chinese	‹ lek ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]ˁek/
English	calculate (astronomically)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	曆
Reading #	1/1
No.	7981
Phonetic component	秝
Rime group	錫
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	靂
Old Chinese	/*reːɡ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 曆

1. calendar

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Japanese

Shinjitai	暦
Kyūjitai	曆

Kanji

曆

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

1. calendar
2. era

Readings

• On (unclassified): れき (reki)
• Kun: こよみ (koyomi, 曆)

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Korean

Hanja

曆 • (ryeok>yeok) (hangeul 력>역, revised ryeok>yeok, McCune–Reischauer ryŏk>yŏk, Yale lyek>yek)

1. book calendar
2. calendar

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 曆 (lịch, rếch, rích, rịch)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.