楽しい

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Japanese

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Kanji in this term
たの
Grade: 2
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
樂しい (kyūjitai)

Etymology

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⟨tano1siki1 → */tanʷosikʲi//tanoshii/

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.[1] No Ryukyuan cognates exist; as as result, further derivation unknown. Theories include:[2]

  • A compound of (ta, hand, combining form) + 伸す (nosu, to extend)
    This is problematic, as nosu has first been attested starting from the early 900s, with no A/B distinction (see Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai for details).
  • From 田神 (tano, literally rice paddy god)
    No reading of (*no, god) exists.
  • A borrowing from an unknown language
    No words resemble *tanV meaning "fun" or "to enjoy".

Pronunciation

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  • Tokyo pitch accent of inflected forms of 「楽しい
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Continuative (連用形) 楽しく しく
のし
[tànóꜜshìkù]
[tànóshíꜜkù]
Terminal (終止形) 楽しい のし [tànóshíꜜì]
Attributive (連体形) 楽しい のし [tànóshíꜜì]
Key constructions
Informal negative 楽しくない しくない
のしくない
[tànóꜜshìkùnàì]
[tànóshíꜜkùnàì]
Informal past 楽しかった しかった
のしかった
[tànóꜜshìkàttà]
[tànóshíꜜkàttà]
Informal negative past 楽しくなかった しくなかった
のしくなかった
[tànóꜜshìkùnàkàttà]
[tànóshíꜜkùnàkàttà]
Formal 楽しいです のしいです [tànóshíꜜìdèsù]
Conjunctive 楽しくて しくて
のしくて
[tànóꜜshìkùtè]
[tànóshíꜜkùtè]
Conditional 楽しければ しければ
のしければ
[tànóꜜshìkèrèbà]
[tànóshíꜜkèrèbà]

Adjective

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(たの)しい (tanoshii-i (adverbial (たの)しく (tanoshiku))

  1. pleasant, delightful, fun, enjoyable

Inflection

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Synonyms

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Antonyms

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References

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  1. ^ ”, in 日本国語大辞典[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  2. ^ 楽しい/たのしい - Gogen Yurai Jiten (in Japanese)
  3. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN