欠伸

Chinese

		deficient; owe; to lack deficient; owe; to lack; yawn	to stretch; to extend
simp. and trad. (欠伸)		欠	伸
alternative forms		欠申

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qiànshēn

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄢˋ ㄕㄣ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): him³ san¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qiànshēn
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢˋ ㄕㄣ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ciànshen
    • Wade–Giles: chʻien⁴-shên¹
    • Yale: chyàn-shēn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiannshen
    • Palladius: цяньшэнь (cjanʹšɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵¹ ʂən⁵⁵/
    • Homophones:

      [Show/Hide]
      edit edit 欠伸 欠身

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: him³ san¹
    • Yale: him sān
    • Cantonese Pinyin: him³ san¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: him³ sen¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiːm³³ sɐn⁵⁵/
    • Homophones:

      edit edit 欠伸 欠身

Verb

欠伸

1. to yawn and stretch

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Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
欠	伸
Grade: 4	Grade: S
irregular

Alternative spelling
缺伸 (kyūjitai)

Attested in The Pillow Book, completed in 1002.

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of 欠ぶ (akubu, “to yawn”).

The kanji spelling is jukujikun (熟字訓), borrowed from Chinese 欠伸 (qiànshēn).

Alternative forms

• 欠

Noun

欠伸(あくび) • (akubi) 

1. a yawn, yawning

Derived terms

• 欠伸(あくび)形(がた) (akubi-gata)
• 生(なま)欠伸(あくび) (nama akubi)

Idioms

• 欠伸(あくび)を噛(か)み殺(ころ)す (akubi o kamikorosu)

Verb

欠伸(あくび)する • (akubi suru) suru (stem 欠伸(あくび)し (akubi shi), past 欠伸(あくび)した (akubi shita))

1. to yawn

Conjugation

Conjugation of "欠伸する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	欠伸し	あくびし	akubi shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	欠伸し	あくびし	akubi shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	欠伸する	あくびする	akubi suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	欠伸する	あくびする	akubi suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	欠伸すれ	あくびすれ	akubi sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	欠伸せよ¹ 欠伸しろ²	あくびせよ¹ あくびしろ²	akubi seyo¹ akubi shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	欠伸される	あくびされる	akubi sareru
Causative	欠伸させる 欠伸さす	あくびさせる あくびさす	akubi saseru akubi sasu
Potential	欠伸できる	あくびできる	akubi dekiru
Volitional	欠伸しよう	あくびしよう	akubi shiyō
Negative	欠伸しない	あくびしない	akubi shinai
Negative continuative	欠伸せず	あくびせず	akubi sezu
Formal	欠伸します	あくびします	akubi shimasu
Perfective	欠伸した	あくびした	akubi shita
Conjunctive	欠伸して	あくびして	akubi shite
Hypothetical conditional	欠伸すれば	あくびすれば	akubi sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
欠	伸
けん Grade: 4	しん Grade: S
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
缺伸 (kyūjitai)

Appears to be derived from Middle Chinese compound 欠伸 (MC khjaemH syin).

Noun

欠(けん)伸(しん) • (kenshin) 

1. yawning and stretching