毋過

Chinese

		no; not	to cross; to go over; (experienced action marker) to cross; to go over; (experienced action marker); to pass; to celebrate; to live; to get along; excessively; too-
trad. (毋過)		毋	過
simp. (毋过)		毋	过
alternative forms		毋閣／毋阁 不過／不过 伓過／伓过

Pronunciation

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): m̀-ko
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): m̄-ko / m̄-ku / m̄-koh / m̄-kò / m̄-kù

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• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: m̀-ko
    • Hakka Romanization System: m^ˇ go
    • Hagfa Pinyim: m² go⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /m¹¹ ko⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: m̄-ko
    • Tâi-lô: m̄-ko
    • Phofsit Daibuun: mxkoy
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /m̩²²⁻²¹ ko⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: m̄-ku
    • Tâi-lô: m̄-ku
    • Phofsit Daibuun: mxkw
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /m̩²²⁻²¹ ku⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: m̄-koh
    • Tâi-lô: m̄-koh
    • Phofsit Daibuun: mxkoiq
    • IPA (Taipei): /m̩³³⁻¹¹ koʔ³²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /m̩³³⁻²¹ kɤʔ³²/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: m̄-kò
    • Tâi-lô: m̄-kò
    • Phofsit Daibuun: mxkoix
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /m̩³³⁻²¹ kɤ²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /m̩³³⁻¹¹ ko¹¹/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: m̄-kù
    • Tâi-lô: m̄-kù
    • Phofsit Daibuun: mxkux
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /m̩³³⁻²¹ ku²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /m̩³³⁻¹¹ ku¹¹/

Conjunction

1. (Hakka, Southern Min) but; however

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 但是 (“but; however”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		而, 然, 但, 卻, 則
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		但是, 但, 可是, 不過, 然而
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	但是, 但, 可是, 不過
	Malaysia	但
	Singapore	但, 但是, 可是, 不過
Southwestern Mandarin	Pematangsiantar	tapi
Cantonese	Guangzhou	但係, 不過, 之不過, 之但係
	Hong Kong	但係, 不過, 之不過, 之但係, but
	Taishan	但係
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	但係
	Singapore (Guangfu)	但係, 不過, 之不過
Hakka	Meixian	但係, 董係
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	但係, 毋過
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	但係, 毋過, 毋故
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	但係, 毋過
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	但係, 毋過
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	但係, 毋過
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	毋過
	Senai (Huiyang)	但係
	Kuching (Hepo)	tapi
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	但是
	Matsu	但是
Southern Min	Xiamen	但是, 毋過, 毋句, 不過, 不而過
	Quanzhou	但是, 毋句, 不過, 不而過
	Zhangzhou	但是, 毋過, 不過, 不而過
	Taipei	但是, 毋過, 不而過
	Penang (Hokkien)	tapi, 但是
	Singapore (Hokkien)	tapi, 但是, 毋句, 毋過
	Manila (Hokkien)	但是, 毋句, 毋過
	Medan (Hokkien)	tapi
	Shantou	是呾
	Shantou (Chenghai)	是呾
	Jieyang	是呾, 比補
	Bangkok (Teochew)	但是, แต่ว่า
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	但是, tapi
	Singapore (Teochew)	tapi, 不過, 但是
	Wenchang	但是
	Qionghai	但是
Wu	Shanghai	但是, 必過, 不過, 但不過, 但必過
	Wuxi	但必過

Further reading

• “Entry #1124”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.