決まる

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Japanese[edit]

Kanji in this term
決
き
Grade: 3
kun’yomi
Alternative spellings
決る
極まる
極る

Etymology[edit]

Derived as the intransitive form of Old Japanese verb 決む (kimu, “to decide something, to conclude something; to be decided, to be concluded”).[1][2][3]

The source verb kimu appears to follow a common pattern in Old Japanese verbs where the bare form is either transitive or intransitive, depending on context. This pattern persists in some modern verbs, such as つく (tsuku). Many of these Old Japanese verbs developed explicit transitive and intransitive forms, with one group adopting an -aru on the end for the intransitive (as the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis or incomplete form”) ending in -a + the conjugating る (ru) as the basic spontaneous or passive verb ending), and an -eru on the end for the transitive (as the 已然形 (izenkei, “realis or potential form”) + the disappearing る (ru) as a generic verb ending).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "決まる"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形) 		決まる きまる [kìmárú]
Imperative (命令形) 決まれ きまれ [kìmáré]
Key constructions
Passive 決まられる きまられる [kìmárárérú]
Causative 決まらせる きまらせる [kìmárásérú]
Potential - - -
Volitional 決まろう きまろ​ー [kìmáróꜜò]
Negative 決まらない きまらない [kìmáránáí]
Negative perfective 決まらなかった きまらな​かった [kìmáránáꜜkàttà]
Formal 決まります きまりま​す [kìmárímáꜜsù]
Perfective 決まった きまった [kìmáttá]
Conjunctive 決まって きまって [kìmátté]
Hypothetical conditional 決まれば きまれ​ば [kìmáréꜜbà]

Verb[edit]

決(き)まる • (kimaru) intransitive godan (stem 決(き)まり (kimari), past 決(き)まった (kimatta))

Japanese verb pair
active 決める
mediopassive 決まる
  1. to be decided, to be concluded, to be brought to a resolution

Conjugation[edit]

Conjugation of "決まる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 決まら きまら kimara
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 決まり きまり kimari
Shūshikei ("terminal") 決まる きまる kimaru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 決まる きまる kimaru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 決まれ きまれ kimare
Meireikei ("imperative") 決まれ きまれ kimare
Key constructions
Passive 決まられる きまられる kimarareru
Causative 決まらせる
決まらす 		きまらせる
きまらす 		kimaraseru
kimarasu
Potential 決まれる きまれる kimareru
Volitional 決まろう きまろう kimarō
Negative 決まらない きまらない kimaranai
Negative continuative 決まらず きまらず kimarazu
Formal 決まります きまります kimarimasu
Perfective 決まった きまった kimatta
Conjunctive 決まって きまって kimatte
Hypothetical conditional 決まれば きまれば kimareba
Classical conjugation of "決まる" (ラ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 決まら きまら kimara
Continuative (連用形) 決まり きまり kimari
Terminal (終止形) 決まる きまる kimaru
Attributive (連体形) 決まる きまる kimaru
Realis (已然形) 決まれ きまれ kimare
Imperative (命令形) 決まれ きまれ kimare
Key constructions
Negative 決まらず きまらず kimarazu
Contrasting conjunction 決まれど きまれど kimaredo
Causal conjunction 決まれば きまれば kimareba
Conditional conjunction 決まらば きまらば kimaraba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 決まりき きまりき kimariki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 決まりけり きまりけり kimarikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 決まりつ きまりつ kimaritu
Perfect tense (natural event) 決まりぬ きまりぬ kimarinu
Perfect-continuative tense 決まれり
決まりたり		 きまれり
きまりたり		 kimareri
kimaritari
Volitional 決まらむ きまらむ kimaramu

Derived terms[edit]

Related terms[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=決まる&oldid=78849093"