泥洹

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (泥洹)		泥	洹
simp. #(泥洹)		泥	洹

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): níhuán

  (Zhuyin): ㄋㄧˊ ㄏㄨㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): nai⁴ jyun⁴

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: níhuán
    • Zhuyin: ㄋㄧˊ ㄏㄨㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: níhuán
    • Wade–Giles: ni²-huan²
    • Yale: ní-hwán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nihwan
    • Palladius: нихуань (nixuanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ni³⁵ xu̯än³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: nai⁴ jyun⁴
    • Yale: nàih yùhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: nai⁴ jyn⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: nei⁴ yun⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nɐi̯²¹ jyːn²¹/

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• Middle Chinese: nej|nejH hjwon|hwan

Rime
Character	泥	泥	洹	洹
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	泥 (8)	泥 (8)	云 (35)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	齊 (39)	齊 (39)	元 (66)	桓 (62)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	IV	IV	III	I
Fanqie	奴低切	奴計切	雨元切	胡官切
Baxter	nej	nejH	hjwon	hwan
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/nei/	/neiH/	/ɦʉɐn/	/ɦuɑn/
Pan Wuyun	/nei/	/neiH/	/ɦʷiɐn/	/ɦʷɑn/
Shao Rongfen	/nɛi/	/nɛiH/	/ɣiuɐn/	/ɣuɑn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/nɛj/	/nɛjH/	/ɦuan/	/ɦwan/
Li Rong	/nei/	/neiH/	/ɣiuɐn/	/ɣuɑn/
Wang Li	/niei/	/nieiH/	/ɣĭwɐn/	/ɣuɑn/
Bernard Karlgren	/niei/	/nieiH/	/i̯wɐn/	/ɣuɑn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ní	nì	yuán	huán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	nai4	nai6	jyun4	wun4

Noun

泥洹

1. Alternative form of 涅槃 (nièpán)