蠅營狗苟

Chinese

		fly; musca	army; to deal in; to trade army; to deal in; to trade; to operate; to run; camp; nourishment; to manage	dog	if indeed; thoughtless
trad. (蠅營狗苟)		蠅	營	狗	苟
simp. (蝇营狗苟)		蝇	营	狗	苟
Literally: “to mindlessly swarm like flies and dogs”.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yíngyínggǒugǒu

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄥˊ ㄧㄥˊ ㄍㄡˇ ㄍㄡˇ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yíngyínggǒugǒu [Phonetic: yíngyínggóugǒu]
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄥˊ ㄧㄥˊ ㄍㄡˇ ㄍㄡˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yíngyínggǒugǒu
    • Wade–Giles: ying²-ying²-kou³-kou³
    • Yale: yíng-yíng-gǒu-gǒu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yngynggoougoou
    • Palladius: инъингоугоу (inʺingougou)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iŋ³⁵ iŋ³⁵ koʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ koʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

---

• Middle Chinese: ying yweng kuwX kuwX

Rime
Character	蠅	營	狗	苟
Reading #	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)	以 (36)	見 (28)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	蒸 (133)	清 (122)	侯 (137)	侯 (137)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III	I	I
Fanqie	余陵切	余傾切	古厚切	古厚切
Baxter	ying	yweng	kuwX	kuwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨŋ/	/jwiᴇŋ/	/kəuX/	/kəuX/
Pan Wuyun	/jɨŋ/	/jʷiɛŋ/	/kəuX/	/kəuX/
Shao Rongfen	/ieŋ/	/iuæŋ/	/kəuX/	/kəuX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jiŋ/	/jwiajŋ/	/kəwX/	/kəwX/
Li Rong	/iəŋ/	/iuɛŋ/	/kuX/	/kuX/
Wang Li	/jĭəŋ/	/jĭwɛŋ/	/kəuX/	/kəuX/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯əŋ/	/i̯wɛŋ/	/kə̯uX/	/kə̯uX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yíng	yóng	gǒu	gǒu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jing4	wing4	gau2	gau2

Idiom

(deprecated template usage) 蠅營狗苟

1. to shamelessly seek personal gain or profit by ingratiating oneself with the rich