元年

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Chinese

[edit]
primary; first; fundamental
primary; first; fundamental; dollar; (dynasty)
 
year
simp. and trad.
(元年)

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial () (31) (8)
Final () (66) (85)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed Open
Division () III IV
Fanqie
Baxter ngjwon nen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ŋʉɐn/ /nen/
Pan
Wuyun
/ŋʷiɐn/ /nen/
Shao
Rongfen
/ŋiuɐn/ /nɛn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ŋuan/ /nɛn/
Li
Rong
/ŋiuɐn/ /nen/
Wang
Li
/ŋĭwɐn/ /nien/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ŋi̯wɐn/ /nien/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
yuán nián
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
jyun4 nin4
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
yuán nián
Middle
Chinese
‹ ngjwon › ‹ nen ›
Old
Chinese
/*[ŋ]o[r]/ (< nasal + uvular) /*C.nˁi[ŋ]/
English head; first harvest; year

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 16145 9482
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
3 2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ŋon/ /*niːŋ/
Notes

Noun

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元年

  1. (historical) first year of an imperial reign
  2. (calendar) first year (of any period)

Synonyms

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  • (first year of an imperial reign): (literary) 始年 (shǐnián)
  • (first year of any period): (literary) 始年 (shǐnián)

Japanese

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Kanji in this term
がん
Grade: 2
ねん
Grade: 1
kan'yōon goon
 元年 on Japanese Wikipedia

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(がん)(ねん) (gannen

  1. (monarchy) the first year of a calendar era, especially an East Asian imperial reign
    ()(げん)(がん)(ねん)
    Kigen gannen
    1 CE
    (こう)()(がん)(ねん)
    Kōbu gannen
    Hongwu 1 (1368)
    (へい)(せい)(がん)(ねん)
    Heisei gannen
    Heisei 1 (1989)
    (れい)()(がん)(ねん)
    Reiwa gannen
    Reiwa 1 (2019)
    (こう)()(がん)(ねん)
    Kōbu gannen
    Gwangmu 1 (1897)
    ()(りゅう)(がん)(ねん)
    Karyū gannen
    Gia Long 1 (1802)

Usage notes

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The first year of an imperial era is strictly 元年, not *一年. Later years are simply 二年 (2), 三年 (3), etc.

References

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  • 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
  1. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN