女士
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Chinese
[edit]female; woman; daughter | scholar; warrior; knight | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (女士) | 女 | 士 | |
simp. #(女士) | 女 | 士 | |
alternative forms | 女仕 | ||
anagram | 士女 |
Etymology
[edit]Originally, the combination was close to the literal meaning, i.e., a female 士 (shì, “person from higher, educated social stratum”), a woman whose character, upbringing, and conduct matched those expected of the 士 class. For example, in the Shijing (《詩·大雅·既醉》):
- 釐爾女士,從以孫子。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Lí ěr nǚshì, cóng yǐ sūnzǐ. [Pinyin]
- There is given you a heroic wife,
And from her shall come [the line of] descendants.
釐尔女士,从以孙子。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Since when has it been used as a title? Can we find early attestations of the usage?”)
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄋㄩˇ ㄕˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: nyǔshìh
- Wade–Giles: nü3-shih4
- Yale: nyǔ-shr̀
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: neushyh
- Palladius: нюйши (njujši)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ny²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
- Homophones:
[Show/Hide] 女士
女式
- (Standard Chinese)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: neoi5 si6
- Yale: néuih sih
- Cantonese Pinyin: noey5 si6
- Guangdong Romanization: nêu5 xi6
- Sinological IPA (key): /nɵy̯¹³ siː²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ńg-sṳ
- Hakka Romanization System: ngˋ sii
- Hagfa Pinyim: ng3 si4
- Sinological IPA: /ŋ̍³¹ sɨ⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Kaohsiung)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lú-sū
- Tâi-lô: lú-sū
- Phofsit Daibuun: lwsu
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /lu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ su³³/
- IPA (Xiamen): /lu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lír-sǐr
- Tâi-lô: lír-sǐr
- IPA (Quanzhou): /lɯ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sɯ²²/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Taipei, Yilan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lí-sū
- Tâi-lô: lí-sū
- Phofsit Daibuun: lysu
- IPA (Yilan): /li⁵³⁻⁵⁵ su³³/
- IPA (Taipei): /li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su³³/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su²²/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: neng2 se6
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: nṳ́ng sṳ̆
- Sinological IPA (key): /nɯŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ sɯ³⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Kaohsiung)
Noun
[edit]女士
Antonyms
[edit]- (antonym(s) of “lady”): 男士 (nánshì)
- (antonym(s) of “Miss”): (Guangzhou Cantonese, dated) 姑娘 (gu1 noeng4)
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]See also
[edit]Categories:
- Literary Chinese terms with quotations
- Mandarin terms with audio links
- Cantonese terms with audio links
- Mandarin terms with homophones
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Hakka nouns
- Hokkien nouns
- Teochew nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 女
- Chinese terms spelled with 士
- Elementary Mandarin
- zh:Female people