-odik
Hungarian
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
-od (verb-forming suffix) + -ik (reflexive suffix)[1]
Suffix
-odik
- (verb-forming suffix) Appended to a noun, adjective, or verb to form a verb.
- hajnal (“dawn”) → hajnalodik (“to dawn”)
- világos (“light”) → világosodik (“to become light”)
Usage notes
- (verb-forming suffix) Variants:
Conjugation
conjugation of -odik
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | -odom or -odok |
-odsz | -odik | -odunk | -odtok | -odnak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | -odtam | -odtál | -odott | -odtunk | -odtatok | -odtak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. -odni fog. | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | -odék | -odál | -oda | -odánk | -odátok | -odának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. -odik vala, -odott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | -odandok | -odandasz | -odand | -odandunk | -odandotok | -odandanak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | -odnék | -odnál | -odna | -odnánk | -odnátok | -odnának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. -odott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | -odjak or -odjam |
-odj or -odjál |
-odjon | -odjunk | -odjatok | -odjanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. -odott légyen | ||||||||
| Infinitive | -odni | -odnom | -odnod | -odnia | -odnunk | -odnotok | -odniuk | ||
| Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
| -odás | -odó | -odott | ― | -odva (-odván) | |||||
potential conjugation of -odik
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | -odhatok (or -odhatom) |
-odhatsz | -odhat | -odhatunk | -odhattok | -odhatnak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | -odhattam | -odhattál | -odhatott | -odhattunk | -odhattatok | -odhattak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | -odhaték | -odhatál | -odhata | -odhatánk | -odhatátok | -odhatának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. -odhat vala, -odhatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | -odhatandok or -odandhatok |
-odhatandasz or -odandhatsz |
-odhatand or -odandhat |
-odhatandunk or -odandhatunk |
-odhatandotok or -odandhattok |
-odhatandanak or -odandhatnak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | -odhatnék | -odhatnál | -odhatna | -odhatnánk | -odhatnátok | -odhatnának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. -odhatott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | -odhassak | -odhass or -odhassál |
-odhasson | -odhassunk | -odhassatok | -odhassanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. -odhatott légyen | ||||||||
| Inf. | (-odhatni) | (-odhatnom) | (-odhatnod) | (-odhatnia) | (-odhatnunk) | (-odhatnotok) | (-odhatniuk) | ||
| Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (-odhatva / -odhatván) | ||||
Derived terms
Etymology 2
Suffix
-odik
- (numeral-forming suffix) -th. Appended to a cardinal number to form an ordinal number.
Usage notes
- (numeral-forming suffix) It can be used with all cardinal numbers except egy (“one”) and kettő (“two”). Variants:
Declension
| Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | -odik | -odikok |
| accusative | -odikot | -odikokat |
| dative | -odiknak | -odikoknak |
| instrumental | -odikkal | -odikokkal |
| causal-final | -odikért | -odikokért |
| translative | -odikká | -odikokká |
| terminative | -odikig | -odikokig |
| essive-formal | -odikként | -odikokként |
| essive-modal | — | — |
| inessive | -odikban | -odikokban |
| superessive | -odikon | -odikokon |
| adessive | -odiknál | -odikoknál |
| illative | -odikba | -odikokba |
| sublative | -odikra | -odikokra |
| allative | -odikhoz | -odikokhoz |
| elative | -odikból | -odikokból |
| delative | -odikról | -odikokról |
| ablative | -odiktól | -odikoktól |
| non-attributive possessive - singular |
-odiké | -odikoké |
| non-attributive possessive - plural |
-odikéi | -odikokéi |
or
| Inflection (stem in -a-, back harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | -odik | -odikak |
| accusative | -odikat | -odikakat |
| dative | -odiknak | -odikaknak |
| instrumental | -odikkal | -odikakkal |
| causal-final | -odikért | -odikakért |
| translative | -odikká | -odikakká |
| terminative | -odikig | -odikakig |
| essive-formal | -odikként | -odikakként |
| essive-modal | — | — |
| inessive | -odikban | -odikakban |
| superessive | -odikon | -odikakon |
| adessive | -odiknál | -odikaknál |
| illative | -odikba | -odikakba |
| sublative | -odikra | -odikakra |
| allative | -odikhoz | -odikakhoz |
| elative | -odikból | -odikakból |
| delative | -odikról | -odikakról |
| ablative | -odiktól | -odikaktól |
| non-attributive possessive - singular |
-odiké | -odikaké |
| non-attributive possessive - plural |
-odikéi | -odikakéi |
Derived terms
See also
References
- ^ -odik in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)