千早ぶ

Japanese

Kanji in this term
千	早
ち Grade: 1	はや Grade: 1
kun'yomi

Etymology

From Old Japanese.

Shift from classical verb 逸早ぶ (ichihayabu, “to move or act quickly and strongly”).

Compare the development of 茨 (ibara, “bramble”) → 薔薇 (bara, “rose”).

Verb

1. (archaic) to move or act ferociously, with terrible godly power

Conjugation

Classical conjugation of "千早ぶ" (バ行上二段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)	千早び	ちはやび	tifayabi
Continuative (連用形)	千早び	ちはやび	tifayabi
Terminal (終止形)	千早ぶ	ちはやぶ	tifayabu
Attributive (連体形)	千早ぶる	ちはやぶる	tifayaburu
Realis (已然形)	千早ぶれ	ちはやぶれ	tifayabure
Imperative (命令形)	千早びよ	ちはやびよ	tifayabiyo
Key constructions
Negative	千早びず	ちはやびず	tifayabizu
Contrasting conjunction	千早ぶれど	ちはやぶれど	tifayaburedo
Causal conjunction	千早ぶれば	ちはやぶれば	tifayabureba
Conditional conjunction	千早びば	ちはやびば	tifayabiba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)	千早びき	ちはやびき	tifayabiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)	千早びけり	ちはやびけり	tifayabikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action)	千早びつ	ちはやびつ	tifayabitu
Perfect tense (natural event)	千早びぬ	ちはやびぬ	tifayabinu
Perfect-continuative tense	千早びたり	ちはやびたり	tifayabitari
Volitional	千早びむ	ちはやびむ	tifayabimu

Derived terms

• 千(ち)早(はや)振(ぶ)る (chihayaburu, pillow word)

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Old Japanese

Etymology

Shift from verb 逸早ぶ (itipayabu, “to move or act quickly and strongly”).

Verb

千早ぶ (tipayabu) (kana ちはやぶ)

1. to move or act ferociously, with terrible godly power
   • 711–712, Kojiki, First scroll, subjugation of Ashihara no Nakatsukuni:

     ...故、以爲於此國道速振、荒振國神等之多在。

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

   • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 2, first variant poem 199, first variant:
     , text here

     ...鷄之鳴吾妻乃國之御軍士乎喚賜而千磐破人乎和爲跡不奉仕國乎治跡...

     ...to₂ri ga naku aduma no₂ kuni no₂ mi₁-ikusa wo me₁si-tamapi₁te tipayaburu hi₁to₂ wo yapase to₂ maturo₁panu kuni wo wosame₂ to₂...

     ...let us summon the glorious troops from the Eastern Lands where birds cry to vanquish the unruly peoples and conquer the defiant lands.

     [Note: Another variant says 國乎掃部等 (kuni wo parape₁ to₂, “purify (literally ‘sweep’) these lands”) instead of kuni wo wosame₂ to₂.]

   • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 7, poem 1230:
     , text here

     千磐破金之三埼乎過鞆吾者不忘壯鹿之須賣神

     tipayaburu kane no₂ mi₁saki₁ wo sugi₂nu to₂ mo ware pa wasurezi Sika no sume₁kami₂

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Conjugation

Classical conjugation of "千早ぶ" (バ行上二段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)	千早び	ちはやび	tifayabi
Continuative (連用形)	千早び	ちはやび	tifayabi
Terminal (終止形)	千早ぶ	ちはやぶ	tifayabu
Attributive (連体形)	千早ぶる	ちはやぶる	tifayaburu
Realis (已然形)	千早ぶれ	ちはやぶれ	tifayabure
Imperative (命令形)	千早びよ	ちはやびよ	tifayabiyo
Key constructions
Negative	千早びず	ちはやびず	tifayabizu
Contrasting conjunction	千早ぶれど	ちはやぶれど	tifayaburedo
Causal conjunction	千早ぶれば	ちはやぶれば	tifayabureba
Conditional conjunction	千早びば	ちはやびば	tifayabiba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)	千早びき	ちはやびき	tifayabiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)	千早びけり	ちはやびけり	tifayabikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action)	千早びつ	ちはやびつ	tifayabitu
Perfect tense (natural event)	千早びぬ	ちはやびぬ	tifayabinu
Perfect-continuative tense	千早びたり	ちはやびたり	tifayabitari
Volitional	千早びむ	ちはやびむ	tifayabimu

Derived terms

• 千早振る (tipayaburu, pillow word)

Descendants

• Japanese: 千早ぶ (chihayabu)