antiquus
Latin
Etymology
From Proto-Italic *antīkʷos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énti-h₃kʷós (“appearing before, having prior aspect”), from *h₂énti (locative singular of *h₂ent- (“front, front side”)) + *h₃ekʷ- (“eye; to see”). Compare Sanskrit अन्तिक (antiká, “near, in the vicinity; nearness, proximity”).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /anˈtiː.kʷus/, [än̪ˈt̪iːkʊs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /anˈti.kwus/, [än̪ˈt̪iːkwus]
Audio (Classical): (file)
Adjective
antīquus (feminine antīqua, neuter antīquum, comparative antīquior, superlative antīquissimus); first/second-declension adjective
- old, ancient
- Synonyms: vetus, prīscus, longinquus
- aged
- time-honoured, bygone
- simple, venerable
- (only superlative or comparative) the most important, valued, dear, precious
- classic, traditional, essential
Declension
First/second-declension adjective.
Number | Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case / Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
Nominative | antīquus | antīqua | antīquum | antīquī | antīquae | antīqua | |
Genitive | antīquī | antīquae | antīquī | antīquōrum | antīquārum | antīquōrum | |
Dative | antīquō | antīquō | antīquīs | ||||
Accusative | antīquum | antīquam | antīquum | antīquōs | antīquās | antīqua | |
Ablative | antīquō | antīquā | antīquō | antīquīs | |||
Vocative | antīque | antīqua | antīquum | antīquī | antīquae | antīqua |
Related terms
Descendant notes
Due to the regular sound change /kʷu/ > /ku/, the masculine antīquus was pronounced with /k/ (and indeed often spelled ⟨anticus⟩). The feminine antīqua, on the other hand, retained /kʷ/. In Romance, this /k~kʷ/ alternation persisted in Old French, Old Spanish, and Old Portuguese (see below). In all Romance languages, the alternation was sooner or later leveled by analogy.
Descendants
- Italo-Romance:
- Padanian:
- Gallo-Romance:
- Ibero-Romance:
- Insular Romance:
- Borrowings:
References
- “antiquus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “antiquus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- antiquus in Dizionario Latino, Olivetti
- antiquus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- antiquus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- in old days, in the olden time: antiquis temporibus
- to restore a man to his former position: aliquem in antiquum statum, in pristinum restituere
- in old days, in the olden time: antiquis temporibus
- Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “antiquus”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume Lua error in Module:debug at line 160: invalid volume number
, page 660
- Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin 3-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latin terms with audio links
- Latin lemmas
- Latin adjectives
- Latin first and second declension adjectives
- Latin words in Meissner and Auden's phrasebook