novus

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Latin[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Italic *nowos, from Proto-Indo-European *néwos. Cognates include Old English nīewe (English new), Ancient Greek νέος (néos), Proto-Slavic *novъ, and Sanskrit नव (náva).

Proto-Italic *nowos fails to become Latin *nuus due to specific conditions in the development of Latin, namely -o-(w)- being in the first syllable, whereas *dē nowōd (“anew”) became dēnuō.

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

novus (feminine nova, neuter novum, comparative novior, superlative novissimus, adverb novē or noviter); first/second-declension adjective

  1. new, novel
    Synonym: recēns
    Antonyms: prīscus, prīstinus, senex, vetus, antīquus
    • 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Ecclesiastes.1.10:
      nihil sub sole novum
      there is nothing new under the sun
  2. fresh, young
  3. recent
  4. unusual, strange, extraordinary

Declension[edit]

First/second-declension adjective.

Number Singular Plural
Case / Gender Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative novus nova novum novī novae nova
Genitive novī novae novī novōrum novārum novōrum
Dative novō novō novīs
Accusative novum novam novum novōs novās nova
Ablative novō novā novō novīs
Vocative nove nova novum novī novae nova

First/second declension.

Italo-Western declension of *novus
Number Singular Plural
Case / Gender Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter
nominative *nǫ́vọs *nǫ́va *nǫ́vọ *nǫ́vi *nǫ́vę *nǫ́va
genitive *nǫ́vi *nǫ́vę *nǫ́vi *nǫvọ́rọ *nǫvárọ *nǫvọ́rọ
dative *nǫ́vọ *nǫ́vę *nǫ́vọ *nǫ́vis *nǫ́vis *nǫ́vis
accusative-ablative *nǫ́vọ *nǫ́vã *nǫ́vọ *nǫ́vọs *nǫ́vas *nǫ́va
Eastern declension of *novus
Number Singular Plural
Case / Gender Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter
nominative *nǫ́vus *nǫ́va *nǫ́vu *nǫ́vi *nǫ́vę *nǫ́va
genitive *nǫ́vi *nǫ́vę *nǫ́vi *nǫvóru *nǫváru *nǫvóru
dative *nǫ́vo *nǫ́vę *nǫ́vo *nǫ́vis *nǫ́vis *nǫ́vis
accusative-ablative *nǫ́vu *nǫ́vã *nǫ́vu *nǫ́vos *nǫ́vas *nǫ́va
Sardinian declension of *novus
Number Singular Plural
Case / Gender Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter
nominative *nǫ́vus *nǫ́va *nǫ́vu *nǫ́vi *nǫ́vę *nǫ́va
genitive *nǫ́vi *nǫ́vę *nǫ́vi *nǫvóru *nǫváru *nǫvóru
dative *nǫ́vo *nǫ́vę *nǫ́vo *nǫ́vis *nǫ́vis *nǫ́vis
accusative-ablative *nǫ́vu *nǫ́vã *nǫ́vu *nǫ́vos *nǫ́vas *nǫ́va

Derived terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

  • Balkan Romance:
    • Aromanian: nou, nãu, não
    • Romanian: nou
  • Dalmatian:
  • Italo-Romance:
  • Insular Romance:
  • North Italian:
  • Gallo-Romance:
    • Catalan: nou
    • Franco-Provençal: nôf
    • Old French: nuef (see there for further descendants)
    • Occitan: nòu
  • Ibero-Romance:

References[edit]

  • “novus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “novus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • novus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
  • Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
    • to enter on a new method: novam rationem ingredi
    • a parvenu (a man no member of whose family has held curule office): homo novus
    • a demagogue, agitator: plebis dux, vulgi turbator, civis turbulentus, civis rerum novarum cupidus
    • revolutionists: homines seditiosi, turbulenti or novarum rerum cupidi
    • to hold revolutionary opinions: novarum rerum cupidum esse
    • (ambiguous) to introduce a new word into the Latin language: inducere novum verbum in latinam linguam
    • (ambiguous) to hold revolutionary opinions: novis rebus studere
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