зима

Bulgarian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *zima, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źeimā́ˀ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈzimɐ]

Noun

зи́ма • (zíma) f

1. winter, wintertime

Declension

Declension of зи́ма

	singular	plural
indefinite	зи́ма zíma	зи́ми zími
definite	зи́мата zímata	зи́мите zímite

References

• “зима”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• Template:R:RBE2

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Macedonian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *zima, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źeimā́ˀ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈzima]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

зима • (zima) f (relational adjective зимен or зимски)

1. winter, wintertime

Declension

Declension of зима

	singular	plural
indefinite	зима	зими
definite unspecified	зимата	зимите
definite proximal	зимава	зимиве
definite distal	зимана	зимине
vocative	зимо	зими

See also

Seasons in Macedonian · годишни времиња (godišni vreminja) (layout · text) · category
пролет (prolet, “spring”)	лето (leto, “summer”)	есен (esen, “autumn”)	зима (zima, “winter”)

Verb

зима • (zima) third-singular present, impf (perfective земе)

1. (transitive, nonstandard) to take
2. (transitive, nonstandard) to get

Conjugation

Conjugation of зима (imperfective, present in -а)

l-participles	imperfect	aorist	non-finite forms
masculine	зимал	—	adjectival participle	зиман
feminine	зимала	—	adverbial participle	зимајќи
neuter	зимало	—	verbal noun	зимање
plural	зимале	—	perfect participle	зимано
	present	imperfect	aorist	imperative
1st singular	зимам	зимав	—	—
2nd singular	зимаш	зимаше	—	зимај
3rd singular	зима	зимаше	—	—
1st plural	зимаме	зимавме	—	—
2nd plural	зимате	зимавте	—	зимајте
3rd plural	зимаат	зимаа	—	—
Compound tenses
perfect	сум зимал		present of сум (except in the 3rd person) + imperfect l-participle
има-perfect	имам зимано		present of има + perfect participle
pluperfect	бев зимал		imperfect of сум + imperfect l-participle
има-pluperfect	имав зимано		imperfect of има + perfect participle
има-perfect reported	сум имал зимано		perfect of има + perfect participle
future	ќе зимам		ќе + present
има-future	ќе имам зимано		future of има + perfect participle
future in the past	ќе зимав		ќе + imperfect
има-future in the past	ќе имав зимано		future in the past of има + perfect participle
future reported	ќе сум зимал		ќе + imperfect l-participle
има-future reported	ќе сум имал зимано		future reported of има + perfect participle
conditional	би зимал		би + imperfect l-participle
има-conditional	би имал зимано		conditional of има + perfect participle

References

• зима in Makedonisch Info (germansko-makedonski rečnik, makedonsko-germanski rečnik)

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Old Church Slavonic

Alternative forms

• Glagolitic: ⰸⰹⰿⰰ (zima)

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *zima, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źeimā́ˀ.

Noun

зима • (zima) f

1. winter

Declension

Declension of зима (hard a-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	зим{{{2}}}а zim{{{2}}}a	зим{{{2}}}ѣ zim{{{2}}}ě	зим{{{2}}}ꙑ zim{{{2}}}y
genitive	зим{{{2}}}ꙑ zim{{{2}}}y	зим{{{2}}}оу zim{{{2}}}u	зим{{{2}}}ъ zim{{{2}}}ŭ
dative	зим{{{2}}}ѣ zim{{{2}}}ě	зим{{{2}}}ама zim{{{2}}}ama	зим{{{2}}}амъ zim{{{2}}}amŭ
accusative	зим{{{2}}}ѫ zim{{{2}}}ǫ	зим{{{2}}}ѣ zim{{{2}}}ě	зим{{{2}}}ꙑ zim{{{2}}}y
instrumental	зим{{{2}}}оѭ zim{{{2}}}ojǫ	зим{{{2}}}ама zim{{{2}}}ama	зим{{{2}}}ами zim{{{2}}}ami
locative	зим{{{2}}}ѣ zim{{{2}}}ě	зим{{{2}}}оу zim{{{2}}}u	зим{{{2}}}ахъ zim{{{2}}}axŭ
vocative	зим{{{2}}}о zim{{{2}}}o	зим{{{2}}}ѣ zim{{{2}}}ě	зим{{{2}}}ꙑ zim{{{2}}}y

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Old East Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *zimà, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źeimā́ˀ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /zʲiˈmɑ/
• Hyphenation: зи‧ма

Noun

зима (zima) f

1. winter

Declension

Declension of зима (hard a-stem)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	зима zima	зимѣ zimě	зимꙑ zimy
Genitive	зимꙑ zimy	зиму zimu	зимъ zimŭ
Dative	зимѣ zimě	зимама zimama	зимамъ zimamŭ
Accusative	зимѫ zimǫ	зимѣ zimě	зимꙑ zimy
Instrumental	зимоѭ zimojǫ	зимама zimama	зимами zimami
Locative	зимѣ zimě	зиму zimu	зимахъ zimaxŭ
Vocative	зимо zimo	зимѣ zimě	зимꙑ zimy

Descendants

• Belarusian: зіма́ (zimá)
• Russian: зима́ (zimá)
• Carpathian Rusyn: зи́ма (zýma)
• Ukrainian: зима́ (zymá)

References

• Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1893) “зима”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments]‎^[1] (in Russian), volumes 1 (А – К), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 978

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Russian

Etymology

Inherited from Old East Slavic зима (zima), from Proto-Slavic *zima, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źeimā́ˀ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [zʲɪˈma]

• audio:

  (file)

Noun

зима́ • (zimá) f inan (genitive зимы́, nominative plural зи́мы, genitive plural зим, relational adjective зи́мний)

1. winter

   зимо́й ― zimój ― in (the) winter / during winter

   на́ зиму ― ná zimu ― for (the) winter

Declension

Declension of зима́ (inan fem-form hard-stem accent-dʹ) 

	singular	plural
nominative	зима́ zimá	зи́мы zímy
genitive	зимы́ zimý	зи́м zím
dative	зиме́ zimé	зи́мам zímam
accusative	зи́му zímu	зи́мы zímy
instrumental	зимо́й, зимо́ю zimój, zimóju	зи́мами zímami
prepositional	зиме́ zimé	зи́мах zímax

Pre-reform declension of зима́ (inan fem-form hard-stem accent-dʹ) 

	singular	plural
nominative	зима́ zimá	зи́мы zímy
genitive	зимы́ zimý	зи́мъ zím
dative	зимѣ́ zimě́	зи́мамъ zímam
accusative	зи́му zímu	зи́мы zímy
instrumental	зимо́й, зимо́ю zimój, zimóju	зи́мами zímami
prepositional	зимѣ́ zimě́	зи́махъ zímax

Related terms

• зимова́ть (zimovátʹ)
• зимовье (zimovʹje)
• ози́мый (ozímyj)

See also

Seasons in Russian · время года (vremja goda) (layout · text) · category
весна́ (vesná, “spring”)	ле́то (léto, “summer”)	о́сень (ósenʹ, “autumn”)	зима́ (zimá, “winter”)

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Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *zima, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źeimā́ˀ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /zǐːma/
• Hyphenation: зи‧ма

Noun

зи́ма f (Latin spelling zíma)

1. winter
2. cold, coldness (of weather or temperature)

Declension

Declension of зима

	singular	plural
nominative	зима	зиме
genitive	зиме	зима
dative	зими	зимама
accusative	зиму	зиме
vocative	зимо	зиме
locative	зими	зимама
instrumental	зимом	зимама

See also

Seasons in Serbo-Croatian · godišnja doba / годишња доба (layout · text) · category
spring: proleće, proljeće пролеће, прољеће	summer: leto, ljeto лето, љето	autumn: jesen јесен	winter: zima зима

References

• “зима” in Hrvatski jezični portal

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Ukrainian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *zima, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źeimā́ˀ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [zeˈma]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

зима́ • (zymá) f inan (genitive зими́, nominative plural зими́, genitive plural зим)

1. winter

Declension

Declension of зима́ (inan hard fem-form accent-b)

	singular	plural
nominative	зима́ zymá	зими́ zymý
genitive	зими́ zymý	зим zym
dative	зимі́ zymí	зима́м zymám
accusative	зиму́ zymú	зими́ zymý
instrumental	зимо́ю zymóju	зима́ми zymámy
locative	зимі́ zymí	зима́х zymáx
vocative	зимо́ zymó	зими́ zymý

See also

Seasons in Ukrainian · пори року (pory roku) (layout · text) · category
весна (vesna, “spring”)	літо (lito, “summer”)	осінь (osinʹ, “autumn”)	зима (zyma, “winter”)

References

• Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “зима”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
• “зима”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)