infestus

Esperanto

Verb

infestus

1. conditional of infesti

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Latin

Etymology

Uncertain. Among the existing proposals are:

• if connected with manifestus, and if the latter originally meant "caught by the hand", then both could contain Proto-Indo-European *dʰers- (“to be bold”), from *dʰer- (“to hold”).
• if connected with festīnō, cōnfestim, then as "rushing in" from Proto-Italic *festis (“hurry”); this makes a connection with manifestus difficult.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /inˈfes.tus/, [ĩːˈfɛs̠t̪ʊs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /inˈfes.tus/, [iɱˈfɛst̪us]

Adjective

īnfestus (feminine īnfesta, neuter īnfestum, comparative īnfestior, superlative īnfestissimus); first/second-declension adjective

1. hostile (to a person, cause etc.), antagonistic

   Synonyms: hostīlis, inimīcus, īnfēnsus, oblīquus, adversus, inīquus

   1. marked by strife, troubled
2. (entertaining or foreboding violent actions) aggressive, warlike; raised, threatening, poised to strike
3. (of things) [with dative] harmful, troublesome
   • Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita I, 15:

     si Romana arma omnibus infesta finitimis essent

     if the Roman army should be dangerous for all his neighbours

4. (of places) dangerous, unsafe; [with ablative] infested with; adverse
5. exposed to danger, threatened, insecure

   Synonyms: inermis, intutus, nudus

   Antonyms: munitus, defensus, firmatus, tutus

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

	singular				plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	īnfestus	īnfesta	īnfestum		īnfestī	īnfestae	īnfesta
genitive	īnfestī	īnfestae	īnfestī		īnfestōrum	īnfestārum	īnfestōrum
dative	īnfestō	īnfestae	īnfestō		īnfestīs
accusative	īnfestum	īnfestam	īnfestum		īnfestōs	īnfestās	īnfesta
ablative	īnfestō	īnfestā	īnfestō		īnfestīs
vocative	īnfeste	īnfesta	īnfestum		īnfestī	īnfestae	īnfesta

Derived terms

• īnfestō

Descendants

• Old Spanish: enfiesto
  • Spanish: enhiesto
• Portuguese: infesto

References

• “infestus” on page 987 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (2nd ed., 2012)
• De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “īnfestus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 303

Further reading

• “infestus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “infestus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• infestus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.