شهد

Arabic

Etymology 1

From the root ش ه د (š-h-d).

Verb

1. to witness, to be a witness
2. to experience personally, to see with one’s own eyes
3. to be present, to attend, to be around
4. to see

Verb

1. to testify, to bear witness, to give testimony, to give evidence
2. to attest, to confirm, to certify
3. to witness (a signature)
4. to acknowledge, to adjudge

Derived terms

• وَشَهِدَ شَاهِدٌ مِنْ أَهْلِهَا (wašahida šāhidun min ʔahlihā)

Etymology 2

From ش ه د (š-h-d), uncertain sense, perhaps from likening the honeycombs to the graves of martyrs or the swarming of people at such shrines like bees swarm around a hive; see مشهد. Otherwise from the mucus that covers a fetus at birth; the meaning of birth is extended from the "being around" or "being present" of verb form I.

Noun

شَهْد or شُهْد • (šahd or šuhd) m (plural شِهَاد (šihād))

1. honey especially still in the honeycomb
   • 13th century, Saʿdī aš-Šīrāzī, دیوان سعدی [Dīwān of Saʿdī]:

     فَكَمْ تُمَرِّرُ عَيْشِي وَأَنْتَ حامِلُ شَهْدٍ

     fakam tumarriru ʕayšī waʔanta ḥāmilu šahdin

     And how much you make my life bitter and [although] you are a carrier of honey

   Synonym: عَسَل (ʕasal)

2. honeycomb
3. melon, cantaloupe
4. nectar
5. (figuratively) anything pleasant
6. (figuratively, from stickiness) semen, menstruation

Declension

Declension of noun شَهْد (šahd)‎; شُهْد (šuhd)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	شَهْد‎; شُهْد šahd‎; šuhd	الشَّهْد‎; الشُّهْد aš-šahd‎; aš-šuhd	شَهْد‎; شُهْد šahd‎; šuhd
Nominative	شَهْدٌ‎; شُهْدٌ šahdun‎; šuhdun	الشَّهْدُ‎; الشُّهْدُ aš-šahdu‎; aš-šuhdu	شَهْدُ‎; شُهْدُ šahdu‎; šuhdu
Accusative	شَهْدًا‎; شُهْدًا šahdan‎; šuhdan	الشَّهْدَ‎; الشُّهْدَ aš-šahda‎; aš-šuhda	شَهْدَ‎; شُهْدَ šahda‎; šuhda
Genitive	شَهْدٍ‎; شُهْدٍ šahdin‎; šuhdin	الشَّهْدِ‎; الشُّهْدِ aš-šahdi‎; aš-šuhdi	شَهْدِ‎; شُهْدِ šahdi‎; šuhdi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	شَهْدَيْن‎; شُهْدَيْن šahdayn‎; šuhdayn	الشَّهْدَيْن‎; الشُّهْدَيْن aš-šahdayn‎; aš-šuhdayn	شَهْدَيْ‎; شُهْدَيْ šahday‎; šuhday
Nominative	شَهْدَانِ‎; شُهْدَانِ šahdāni‎; šuhdāni	الشَّهْدَانِ‎; الشُّهْدَانِ aš-šahdāni‎; aš-šuhdāni	شَهْدَا‎; شُهْدَا šahdā‎; šuhdā
Accusative	شَهْدَيْنِ‎; شُهْدَيْنِ šahdayni‎; šuhdayni	الشَّهْدَيْنِ‎; الشُّهْدَيْنِ aš-šahdayni‎; aš-šuhdayni	شَهْدَيْ‎; شُهْدَيْ šahday‎; šuhday
Genitive	شَهْدَيْنِ‎; شُهْدَيْنِ šahdayni‎; šuhdayni	الشَّهْدَيْنِ‎; الشُّهْدَيْنِ aš-šahdayni‎; aš-šuhdayni	شَهْدَيْ‎; شُهْدَيْ šahday‎; šuhday
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	شِهَاد šihād	الشِّهَاد aš-šihād	شِهَاد šihād
Nominative	شِهَادٌ šihādun	الشِّهَادُ aš-šihādu	شِهَادُ šihādu
Accusative	شِهَادًا šihādan	الشِّهَادَ aš-šihāda	شِهَادَ šihāda
Genitive	شِهَادٍ šihādin	الشِّهَادِ aš-šihādi	شِهَادِ šihādi

Descendants

• → Persian: شَهْد (šahd)
  • → Hindi: शहद (śahad)
  • → Urdu: شہد

Etymology 3

Adjective

شُهَّد • (šuhhad) m pl

1. masculine plural of شَاهِد (šāhid)

References

• Freytag, Georg (1833) “شهد”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[1] (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 459–460
• Lane, Edward William (1863) “شهد”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎^[2], London: Williams & Norgate, pages 1609–1611

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Persian

Etymology

From Arabic شَهْد (šahd).

Pronunciation

Readings
Classical reading?	š
Dari reading?	š
Iranian reading?	š
Tajik reading?	š

Noun

شهد • (šahd)

1. honey

Synonyms

• عسل
• انگبین

Descendants

• → Hindi: शहद (śahad)
• → Urdu: شہد