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شهد

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Arabic

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Etymology 1

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    Root
    ش ه د (š h d)
    11 terms

    Verb

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    شَهِدَ (šahida) I (non-past يَشْهَدُ (yašhadu), verbal noun شُهُود (šuhūd))

    1. to witness, to be a witness
    2. to experience personally, to see with one’s own eyes
    3. to be present, to attend, to be around
    4. to see
    Conjugation
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    Verb

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    شَهِدَ (šahida) I (non-past يَشْهَدُ (yašhadu), verbal noun شَهَادَة (šahāda))

    1. to testify, to bear witness, to give testimony, to give evidence
      شَهِدَ الشَّاهِدُ بِالحَقِّ أَمَامَ القَاضِي.
      šahida aš-šāhidu bi-l-ḥaqqi ʔamāma l-qāḍī.
      The witness testified to the truth in front of the judge.
    2. to attest, to confirm, to certify
    3. to witness (a signature)
    4. to acknowledge, to adjudge
    Conjugation
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    Derived terms
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    Etymology 2

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      From ش ه د (š h d), uncertain sense, perhaps from likening the honeycombs to the graves of martyrs or the swarming of people at such shrines like bees swarm around a hive; see مشهد. Otherwise from the mucus that covers a fetus at birth; the meaning of birth is extended from the "being around" or "being present" of verb form I.

      Noun

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      شَهْد or شُهْد (šahd or šuhdm (plural شِهَاد (šihād))

      1. honey especially still in the honeycomb
        Synonym: عَسَل (ʕasal)
        • 13th century, Saʿdī aš-Šīrāzī, دیوان سعدی [Dīwān of Saʿdī]:
          فَكَمْ تُمَرِّرُ عَيْشِي وَأَنْتَ حامِلُ شَهْدٍ
          fakam tumarriru ʕayšī waʔanta ḥāmilu šahdin
          And how much you make my life bitter and [although] you are a carrier of honey
      2. honeycomb
      3. melon, cantaloupe
      4. nectar
      5. (figuratively) anything pleasant
      6. (figuratively, from stickiness) semen, menstruation
      Declension
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      Descendants
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      • Classical Persian: شَهْد (šahd)
        • Baluchi: شہد (šahad)
        • Hindustani:
          Hindi: शहद (śahad)
          Urdu: شَہْد (śahd)
        • Punjabi: ਸ਼ਹਿਦ / شہد (śahid)

      Etymology 3

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      Adjective

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      شُهَّد (šuhhadm pl

      1. masculine plural of شَاهِد (šāhid)

      References

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      Persian

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      Persian Wikipedia has an article on:
      Wikipedia fa

      Etymology

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        Borrowed from Arabic شَهْد (šahd).

        Pronunciation

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        Readings
        Classical reading? šahd
        Dari reading? šahd
        Iranian reading? šahd
        Tajik reading? šahd

        Noun

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        شهد (šahd)

        1. nectar (in the flower, before bees make it into honey)
        2. (archaic) honey
          Synonyms: عسل (asal), انگبین (angabin)
        3. (figurative) something sweet
          • c. 1380, Jahān Malik Khātūn, “Ghazal 265”, in دیوان جهان [Divān-i Jahān]‎[3]:
            ای دل چو جهان به کام ما نیست
            شهباز وفا به دام ما نیست
            وز شهد وصال آن دلارام
            جز زهر جفا به جام ما نیست
            ay dil čū jahān ba kām-i mā nēst
            šahbāz-i wafā ba dām-i mā nēst
            w-az šahd-i wisāl-i ān dilārām
            juz zahr-i jafā ba jām-i mā nēst
            O heart! Since the world is not as we would wish it,
            The falcon of loyalty is not in our snare,
            And from the honey of reunion with that heart-soothing one,
            There is nothing but the venom of torment in our cup.
            (Classical Persian romanization)

        Descendants

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        Further reading

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        • Bulkin, Carleton (2012) “شهد”, in Dari-English/English-Dari practical dictionary, 2nd edition, New York: Hippocrene Books, →ISBN, →LCCN, page 237
        • Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “شهد”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim