temperar

Catalan

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin temperāre. Doublet of temprar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [təm.pəˈɾa]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [tem.peˈɾaɾ]

Verb

temperar (first-person singular present tempero, first-person singular preterite temperí, past participle temperat)

1. (transitive) to moderate

   Synonyms: moderar, assuaujar

2. (transitive, music) to temper

   Synonym: temprar

3. (pronominal) to adapt

   Synonyms: acomodar-se, adaptar-se

Related terms

• temperància

Further reading

• “temperar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

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Galician

Alternative forms

• atemperar

Etymology

From Old Galician and Old Galician-Portuguese temperar (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), Latin tempero, temperare (“to mix, to temper”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [tempeˈɾaɾ]

Verb

1. to mix or combine properly

   Synonym: mesturar

2. to tune
   • 1814, Manuel Pardo de Andrade, Romance:

     Repinicáde o pandeiro,

     Nenas dos portos de mar;

     Para tocálo Rianxo

     E a Avia para bailar.

     O Miño tempére a gaita,

     Anque marre o brencellau;

     E mais que non quede pinga,

     Xarro tras xarro e brindár.

     Os barrosos e pardiños,

     Xuro a brios, que an de danzar,

     Sin que o estorven as cadrillas

     Dos valentes Roquetaus.

     Ring your tambourine,

     girls from the sea harbours;

     [best] at playing it, Rianxo;

     the land of Avia, at dancing.

     Let the Miño tune the bagpipe,

     even if the good wine is not enough;

     Do not leave a drop,

     pitcher after pitcher and toast.

     Highlanders and lowlanders,

     I swear they ought to dance,

     no fault on the teams

     of the valiant people of Lemos.

   Synonym: afinar

3. to temper

   Synonym: regular

4. to warm up or to cool down to the desired temperature

Derived terms

• tempero

References

• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “temperar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “tenper”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “temperar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “temperar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “temperar”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

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Portuguese

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin tempero, temperare (“to mix, to temper”).

Verb

1. to season (to flavour food)
2. to temper (metal)

Related terms

• tempero
• temperança

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Spanish

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin temperāre, present active infinitive of temperō. Doublet of templar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tempeˈɾaɾ/ [t̪ẽm.peˈɾaɾ]

Verb

temperar (first-person singular present tempero, first-person singular preterite temperé, past participle temperado)

1. (transitive) to temper (to moderate or control)

   Synonyms: atemperar, templar

2. to soften
3. to calm

Conjugation

    Conjugation of temperar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			temperar
gerund			temperando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		temperado		temperada
		plural		temperados		temperadas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	tempero	temperastú temperásvos	tempera	temperamos	temperáis	temperan
	imperfect	temperaba	temperabas	temperaba	temperábamos	temperabais	temperaban
	preterite	temperé	temperaste	temperó	temperamos	temperasteis	temperaron
	future	temperaré	temperarás	temperará	temperaremos	temperaréis	temperarán
	conditional	temperaría	temperarías	temperaría	temperaríamos	temperaríais	temperarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	tempere	temperestú temperésvos2	tempere	temperemos	temperéis	temperen
	imperfect (ra)	temperara	temperaras	temperara	temperáramos	temperarais	temperaran
	imperfect (se)	temperase	temperases	temperase	temperásemos	temperaseis	temperasen
	future1	temperare	temperares	temperare	temperáremos	temperareis	temperaren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		temperatú temperávos	tempere	temperemos	temperad	temperen
	negative		no temperes	no tempere	no temperemos	no temperéis	no temperen

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of temperar

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive temperar
	dative	temperarme	temperarte	temperarle, temperarse	temperarnos	temperaros	temperarles, temperarse
	accusative	temperarme	temperarte	temperarlo, temperarla, temperarse	temperarnos	temperaros	temperarlos, temperarlas, temperarse
with gerund temperando
	dative	temperándome	temperándote	temperándole, temperándose	temperándonos	temperándoos	temperándoles, temperándose
	accusative	temperándome	temperándote	temperándolo, temperándola, temperándose	temperándonos	temperándoos	temperándolos, temperándolas, temperándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative tempera
	dative	tempérame	températe	tempérale	tempéranos	not used	tempérales
	accusative	tempérame	températe	tempéralo, tempérala	tempéranos	not used	tempéralos, tempéralas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative temperá
	dative	temperame	temperate	temperale	temperanos	not used	temperales
	accusative	temperame	temperate	temperalo, temperala	temperanos	not used	temperalos, temperalas
with formal second-person singular imperative tempere
	dative	tempéreme	not used	tempérele, tempérese	tempérenos	not used	tempéreles
	accusative	tempéreme	not used	tempérelo, tempérela, tempérese	tempérenos	not used	tempérelos, tempérelas
with first-person plural imperative temperemos
	dative	not used	temperémoste	temperémosle	temperémonos	temperémoos	temperémosles
	accusative	not used	temperémoste	temperémoslo, temperémosla	temperémonos	temperémoos	temperémoslos, temperémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative temperad
	dative	temperadme	not used	temperadle	temperadnos	temperaos	temperadles
	accusative	temperadme	not used	temperadlo, temperadla	temperadnos	temperaos	temperadlos, temperadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative temperen
	dative	tempérenme	not used	tempérenle	tempérennos	not used	tempérenles, tempérense
	accusative	tempérenme	not used	tempérenlo, tempérenla	tempérennos	not used	tempérenlos, tempérenlas, tempérense

Related terms

• temperancia

Further reading

• “temperar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014