Personal verb forms [ edit ] Indicative [ edit ] Singular [ edit ]
first
second
third
present
ajan
I drive
ajat
you (sg.) drive
ajaa
he/she/it drives
past
ajoin
I drove
ajoit
you (sg.) drove
ajoi
he/she/it drove
perfect
olen ajanut
I have driven
olet ajanut
you (sg.) have driven
on ajanut
he/she/it has driven
pluperfect
olin ajanut
I had driven
olit ajanut
you (sg.) had driven
oli ajanut
he/she/it had driven
first
second
third
present
en aja
I do not drive
et aja
you (sg.) do not drive
ei aja
he/she/it does not drive
past
en ajanut
I did not drive
et ajanut
you (sg.) did not drive
ei ajanut
he/she/it did not drive
perfect
en ole ajanut
I have not driven
et ole ajanut
you (sg.) have not driven
ei ole ajanut
he/she/it has not driven
pluperfect
en ollut ajanut
I had not driven
et ollut ajanut
you (sg.) had not driven
ei ollut ajanut
he/she/it had not driven
first
second
third
present
ajamme
we drive
ajatte
you (pl.) drive
ajavat
they drive
past
ajoimme
we drove
ajoitte
you (pl.) drove
ajoivat
they drove
perfect
olemme ajaneet
we have driven
olette ajaneet
you (pl.) have driven
ovat ajaneet
they have driven
pluperfect
olimme ajaneet
we had driven
olitte ajaneet
you (pl.) had driven
olivat ajaneet
they had driven
first
second
third
present
emme aja
we do not drive
ette aja
you (pl.) do not drive
eivät aja
they drive
past
emme ajaneet
we did not drive
ette ajaneet
you (pl.) did not drive
eivät ajaneet
they drove
perfect
emme ole ajaneet
we have not driven
ette ole ajaneet
you (pl.) have not driven
eivät ole ajaneet
they have not driven
pluperfect
emme olleet ajaneet
we had not driven
ette olleet ajaneet
you (pl.) had not driven
eivät olleet ajaneet
they had not driven
Impersonal [ edit ] In colloquial language, the impersonal, passive form has almost completely replaced the first person plural form: me ajamme → me ajetaan .
impersonal
present
ajetaan
is (being) driven
past
ajettiin
was (being) driven
perfect
on ajettu
has been driven
pluperfect
oli ajettu
had been driven
impersonal
present
ei ajeta
is not (being) driven
past
ei ajettu
was not (being) driven
perfect
ei ole ajettu1
has not been driven
pluperfect
ei ollut ajettu2
had not been driven
1 Usually in colloquial speech one uses the "double passive" ei olla ajettu (passive voice ei olla + passive past part. ajettu ) — non-standard.2 Usually in colloquial speech one uses the "double passive" ei oltu ajettu (passive voice ei oltu + passive past part. ajettu ) — non-standard.
Conditional [ edit ] Corresponds to English would (and could ): ajaisin jos voisin: I would drive if I could .
Singular [ edit ]
first
second
third
present
ajaisin
I would drive
ajaisit1
you would drive
ajaisi
he/she/it would drive
perfect
olisin ajanut
I would have driven
olisit ajanut
you would have driven
olisi ajanut
he/she/it would have driven
1 Combined with the enclitic suffix -ko/-kö used in polite requests: Ajaisitko kovempaa?/Voisitko ajaa kovempaa? : Could you drive faster, please? or Haluaisin kupin kahvia. : I would like a cup of coffee.
first
second
third
present
en ajaisi
I would not drive
et ajaisi
you would not drive
ei ajaisi
he/she/it would not drive
perfect
en olisi ajanut
I would not have driven
et olisi ajanut
you would not have driven
ei olisi ajanut
he/she/it would not have driven
first
second
third
present
ajaisimme
we would drive
ajaisitte
you would drive
ajaisivat
they would drive
perfect
olisimme ajaneet
we would have driven
olisitte ajaneet
you would have driven
olisivat ajaneet
they would have driven
first
second
third
present
emme ajaisi
we would not drive
ette ajaisi
you would not drive
eivät ajaisi
they would not drive
perfect
emme olisi ajaneet
we would not have driven
ette olisi ajaneet
you would not have driven
eivät olisi ajaneet
they would not have driven
Impersonal [ edit ]
impersonal
present
ajettaisiin
would be driven
perfect
olisi ajettu
would have been driven
impersonal
present
ei ajettaisi
would not be driven
perfect
ei olisi ajettu
would not have been driven
Imperative [ edit ] Used to express commands.
Singular [ edit ] First-person singular forms do not exist.
second
third
present
aja
drive!
ajakoon
perfect
ole ajanut
have driven!
olkoon ajanut
second
third
present
älä aja
do not drive!
älköön ajako
perfect
älä ole ajanut
älköön olko ajanut
first
second
third
present
ajakaamme
ajakaa
ajakoot
perfect
olkaamme ajaneet
olkaa ajaneet
olkoot ajaneet
first
second
third
present
älkäämme ajako
älkää ajako
älkööt ajako
perfect
älkäämme olko ajaneet
älkää olko ajaneet
älkööt olko ajaneet
Impersonal [ edit ]
impersonal
present
ajettakoon
perfect
olkoon ajettu
impersonal
present
älköön ajettako
perfect
älköön olko ajettu
Potential [ edit ] Corresponds to English may , probably , it is possible that etc. This mood is rarely in colloquial language, where adverbs like kai , luultavasti , ehkä etc. are used instead: lienee ajanut: on kai ajanut .
Singular [ edit ]
first
second
third
present
ajanen
I probably drive
ajanet
you probably drive
ajanee
he/she/it probably drives
perfect
lienen ajanut
I probably have driven
lienet ajanut
you probably have driven
lienee ajanut
he/she/it probably has driven
first
second
third
present
en ajane
et ajane
ei ajane
perfect
en liene ajanut
et liene ajanut
ei liene ajanut
first
second
third
present
ajanemme
ajanette
ajanevat
perfect
lienemme ajaneet
lienette ajaneet
lienevät ajaneet
first
second
third
present
emme ajane
ette ajane
eivät ajane
perfect
emme liene ajaneet
ette liene ajaneet
eivät liene ajaneet
Impersonal [ edit ]
impersonal
present
ajettaneen
perfect
lienee ajettu
impersonal
present
ei ajettane
perfect
ei liene ajettu
Optative [ edit ] Similar to imperative. Both poetic and archaic. Only a few personal forms are used, third person is identical to imperative.
Singular [ edit ]
second
third
present
ajaos
ajakoon
perfect
ollos ajanut
olkoon ajanut
second
third
present
ällös aja
älköön ajako
perfect
ällös ollo ajanut
älköön olko ajanut
third
present
ajakoot
perfect
olkoot ajanut
third
present
älkööt ajako
perfect
älkööt olko ajanut
Eventive [ edit ] Combination of conditional and potential: ajan (I drive) → ajaneisin (I probably would drive); used in the Finnish national epic Kalevala
Nominal verb forms [ edit ] Infinitives [ edit ]
infinitive
voice
case
I
–
ajaa
to drive
I (long)
–
ajaakseni
For the purpose of me driving
–
ajaaksesi
–
ajaakseen
–
ajaaksemme
–
ajaaksenne
–
ajaakseen
II
active
inessive
ajaessa
when driving
instructive
ajaen
while/by driving
passive
inessive
ajettaessa
when one drives; when sb/sth is being driven
III
active
inessive
ajamassa
olin ajamassa : I was driving
elative
ajamasta
lakkasin ajamasta : I stopped driving
illative
ajamaan
lähdin ajamaan : I went to drive
adessive
ajamalla
by driving
abessive
ajamatta
without driving; olin ajamatta viikon : I did not drive for a week
instructive
ajaman
sinun on ajaman : you must drive (dated)
passive
instructive
ajettaman
tätä autoa on ajettaman : one has to drive this car (dated)
IV
–
nominative
ajaminen1
sinun on ajaminen : you must drive (dated)
–
partitive
ajamista
sinne ei ole ajamista
V
–
ajamaisillani
olin ajamaisillani : I was about to drive
–
ajamaisillasi
–
ajamaisillaan
–
ajamaisillansa
–
ajamaisillamme
–
ajamaisillanne
–
ajamaisillaan
–
ajamaisillansa
1 Do not confuse with verbal nouns constructed with the suffix -minen : ajaminen → driving (a gerund).
Participles [ edit ] All participles can be inflected like nouns, and can be used as adjectives. Many participles are in fact used as independent adjectives: syötävä: edible , kuollut: dead etc.
Active present participle [ edit ] Corresponds to English -ing before noun: kovaa ajava auto: fast driving car . The construct on + active present participle corresponds to English "shall" in poetic sense: hän on huomenna ajava autoa : he shall drive the car tomorrow .
case
singular
plural
nominative
ajava
ajavat
genitive
ajavan
ajavien
ajavain
partitive
ajavaa
ajavia
accusative
ajava
ajavat
ajavan
inessive
ajavassa
ajavissa
elative
ajavasta
ajavista
illative
ajavaan
ajaviin
adessive
ajavalla
ajavilla
ablative
ajavalta
ajavilta
allative
ajavalle
ajaville
essive
ajavana
ajavina
translative
ajavaksi
ajaviksi
instructive
–
ajavin
abessive
ajavatta
ajavitta
comitative
–
ajavine
Passive present participle [ edit ] Corresponds to English -able /-ible before noun: ajettava auto: drivable car . Also on + passive present participle is used to denote obligation: minun on ajettava autoa: I must drive the car .
case
singular
plural
nominative
ajettava
ajettavat
genitive
ajettavan
ajettavien
ajettavain
partitive
ajettavaa
ajettavia
accusative
ajettava
ajettavat
ajettavan
inessive
ajettavassa
ajettavissa
elative
ajettavasta
ajettavista
illative
ajettavaan
ajettaviin
adessive
ajettavalla
ajettavilla
ablative
ajettavalta
ajettavilta
allative
ajettavalle
ajettaville
essive
ajettavana
ajettavina
translative
ajettavaksi
ajettaviksi
instructive
–
ajettavin
abessive
ajettavatta
ajettavitta
comitative
–
ajettavine
Active past participle [ edit ] Used to build active compound tenses, corresponds to English past participle: olen ajanut: I have driven ; ohitsemme ajanut auto kääntyi vasemmalle: the car that passed us turned left .
case
singular
plural
nominative
ajanut
ajaneet
genitive
ajaneen
ajaneiden
ajaneitten
partitive
ajanutta
ajaneita
accusative
ajanut
ajaneet
ajaneen
inessive
ajaneessa
ajaneissa
elative
ajaneesta
ajaneista
illative
ajaneeseen
ajaneisiin
ajaneihin
adessive
ajaneella
ajaneilla
ablative
ajaneelta
ajaneilta
allative
ajaneelle
ajaneille
essive
ajaneena
ajaneina
translative
ajaneeksi
ajaneiksi
instructive
–
ajanein
abessive
ajaneetta
ajaneitta
comitative
–
ajaneine
Passive past participle [ edit ] Used to build passive compound tenses. When used as an adjective, corresponds to adjective-like English past participles. tätä autoa on ajettu: this car has been driven
case
singular
plural
nominative
ajettu
ajetut
genitive
ajetun
ajettujen
partitive
ajettua
ajettuja
accusative
ajettu
ajetut
ajetun
inessive
ajetussa
ajetuissa
elative
ajetusta
ajetuista
illative
ajettun
ajettuihin
adessive
ajetulla
ajetuilla
ablative
ajetulta
ajetuilta
allative
ajetulle
ajetuille
essive
ajettuna
ajettuina
translative
ajetuksi
ajetuiksi
instructive
–
ajetuin
abessive
ajetutta
ajetuitta
comitative
–
ajettuine
Agent participle [ edit ] Used to denote the object of action; usually with a possessive suffix: minun ajamani auto: the car I drove/have driven . Not used with all verbs.
case
singular
plural
nominative
ajama
ajamat
genitive
ajaman
ajamien
ajamain
partitive
ajamaa
ajamia
accusative
ajama
ajamat
ajaman
inessive
ajamassa
ajamissa
elative
ajamasta
ajamista
illative
ajamaan
ajamiin
adessive
ajamalla
ajamilla
ablative
ajamalta
ajamilta
allative
ajamalle
ajamille
essive
ajamana
ajamina
translative
ajamaksi
ajamiksi
instructive
–
ajamin
abessive
ajamatta
ajamitta
comitative
–
ajamine
Negative participle [ edit ] Negation of the other participles, corresponds English un-/not + past participle.
case
singular
plural
nominative
ajamaton
ajamattomat
genitive
ajamattoman
ajamattomien
ajamatonten
partitive
ajamatonta
ajamattomia
accusative
ajamaton
ajamattomat
ajamattoman
inessive
ajamattomassa
ajamattomissa
elative
ajamattomasta
ajamattomista
illative
ajamattomaan
ajamattomiin
adessive
ajamattomalla
ajamattomilla
ablative
ajamattomalta
ajamattomilta
allative
ajamattomalle
ajamattomille
essive
ajamattomana
ajamattomina
translative
ajamattomaksi
ajamattomiksi
instructive
–
ajamattomin
abessive
ajamattomatta
ajamattomitta
comitative
–
ajamattomine
Negative verbs [ edit ] These are the verb forms to express negation in Finnish, those beginning with e You are not ) and those beginning with ä Don't be! ). Note that there is no infinitive kukaan and mikään and adverbs, such as koskaan , ikinä , välttämättä .
