tulla
Estonian
[edit]Verb
[edit]tulla
- Da-infinitive of tulema.
Finnish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *tuldak, from Proto-Uralic *tole-.
- (emphatic future tense marker, auxiliary): Likely Swedish influence, after Swedish komma (att) and bli.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]tulla (intransitive)
- to come (move nearer)
- Milloin juna tulee?
- When is the train coming?
- Tule katsomaan!
- Come look!
- (impersonal + elative) to become, get, go, turn (noun, adjective, participle, etc.)
- Hänestä tuli rikas.
- He became rich.
- Heistä tuli hulluja. (in the plural, the partitive case is used)
- They became crazy.
- to become, get, go, turn (+ translative) (adjective, participle, etc.; only very rarely a noun)
- He tulivat hulluiksi.
- They went crazy.
- to come into, get (+ illative) (enter a state of being)
- tulla humalaan ― to get drunk
- (impersonal + genitive, auxiliary) to have to, be to, should, be supposed to (+ first infinitive)
- Minun tulee tehdä tämä huomiseksi.
- I have to do this by tomorrow.
- (auxiliary) The auxiliary verb for emphatic future tense; the present tense is usually used instead as a future tense.
- Nimeni on Tapani ja tapani tulette tuntemaan.
- My name is Tapani and you will learn my ways.
- (auxiliary) Used to express the passive voice for arbitrary verbs (+ translative of the past passive participle)
- Hän tuli valituksi.
- He was chosen.
- Tapa tai tule tapetuksi.
- Kill or be killed.
- (auxiliary) Used to express the passive voice, particularly if the action is less definite, or in direct questions (+ partitive of the past passive participle)
- Mitä tuli sanottua?
- What did you say?
- (auxiliary) to manage to do (more or less unintentionally), to succeed in doing (more or less unintentionally) (+ translative of the active past participle)
- Hän tuli tehneeksi pahan virheen.
- She managed to make a big mistake.
- (slang) to cum, orgasm
Conjugation
[edit]Inflection of tulla (Kotus type 67/tulla, no gradation) | |||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
indicative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present tense | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | tulen | en tule | 1st sing. | olen tullut | en ole tullut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | tulet | et tule | 2nd sing. | olet tullut | et ole tullut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | tulee | ei tule | 3rd sing. | on tullut | ei ole tullut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | tulemme | emme tule | 1st plur. | olemme tulleet | emme ole tulleet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | tulette | ette tule | 2nd plur. | olette tulleet | ette ole tulleet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | tulevat | eivät tule | 3rd plur. | ovat tulleet | eivät ole tulleet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | tullaan | ei tulla | passive | on tultu | ei ole tultu | ||||||||||||||||
past tense | pluperfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | tulin | en tullut | 1st sing. | olin tullut | en ollut tullut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | tulit | et tullut | 2nd sing. | olit tullut | et ollut tullut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | tuli | ei tullut | 3rd sing. | oli tullut | ei ollut tullut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | tulimme | emme tulleet | 1st plur. | olimme tulleet | emme olleet tulleet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | tulitte | ette tulleet | 2nd plur. | olitte tulleet | ette olleet tulleet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | tulivat | eivät tulleet | 3rd plur. | olivat tulleet | eivät olleet tulleet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | tultiin | ei tultu | passive | oli tultu | ei ollut tultu | ||||||||||||||||
conditional mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | tulisin | en tulisi | 1st sing. | olisin tullut | en olisi tullut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | tulisit | et tulisi | 2nd sing. | olisit tullut | et olisi tullut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | tulisi | ei tulisi | 3rd sing. | olisi tullut | ei olisi tullut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | tulisimme | emme tulisi | 1st plur. | olisimme tulleet | emme olisi tulleet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | tulisitte | ette tulisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte tulleet | ette olisi tulleet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | tulisivat | eivät tulisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat tulleet | eivät olisi tulleet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | tultaisiin | ei tultaisi | passive | olisi tultu | ei olisi tultu | ||||||||||||||||
imperative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | tule | älä tule | 2nd sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | tulkoon | älköön tulko | 3rd sing. | olkoon tullut | älköön olko tullut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | tulkaamme | älkäämme tulko | 1st plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | tulkaa | älkää tulko | 2nd plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | tulkoot | älkööt tulko | 3rd plur. | olkoot tulleet | älkööt olko tulleet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | tultakoon | älköön tultako | passive | olkoon tultu | älköön olko tultu | ||||||||||||||||
potential mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | tullen | en tulle | 1st sing. | lienen tullut | en liene tullut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | tullet | et tulle | 2nd sing. | lienet tullut | et liene tullut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | tullee | ei tulle | 3rd sing. | lienee tullut | ei liene tullut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | tullemme | emme tulle | 1st plur. | lienemme tulleet | emme liene tulleet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | tullette | ette tulle | 2nd plur. | lienette tulleet | ette liene tulleet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | tullevat | eivät tulle | 3rd plur. | lienevät tulleet | eivät liene tulleet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | tultaneen | ei tultane | passive | lienee tultu | ei liene tultu | ||||||||||||||||
Nominal forms | |||||||||||||||||||||
infinitives | participles | ||||||||||||||||||||
active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||||||||||
1st | tulla | present | tuleva | tultava | |||||||||||||||||
long 1st1 |
|
past | tullut | tultu | |||||||||||||||||
2nd | inessive2 | tullessa | tultaessa | agent3 | tulema | ||||||||||||||||
|
negative | tulematon | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | tullen | — | 1) Used only with a possessive suffix. 2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). | ||||||||||||||||||
3rd | inessive | tulemassa | — | ||||||||||||||||||
elative | tulemasta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
illative | tulemaan | — | |||||||||||||||||||
adessive | tulemalla | — | |||||||||||||||||||
abessive | tulematta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | tuleman | tultaman | |||||||||||||||||||
4th4 | verbal noun | tuleminen | |||||||||||||||||||
5th1 |
|
Colloquially, the present stem tule- may be replaced in some forms with tuu-:
Synonyms
[edit]- (to become): muuttua (+ translative)
- (to have to do): pitää (genitive + third-person singular + infinitive), olla (genitive + third-person singular + passive present participle), olla määrä
- (to come/cum, orgasm): saada orgasmi, laueta (colloquial)
Antonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “tulla”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-01
Galician
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Unknown. Documented since the 10th century in local Medieval Latin charters as tulia;[1] unlikely from Latin tubula (“small tube”)[2] which originates tolva. Compare Portuguese tulha.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]tulla f (plural tullas)
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “tulla”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “tulla”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “tulla”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “tulla”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN
- ^ Xaime Varela Sieiro (2003) Léxico cotián na alta idade media de Galicia: o enxoval (in Galician), A Coruña: Ediciós do Castro, page 301
- ^ Joan Coromines, José A. Pascual (1983–1991) “tubo”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos
Ingrian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *tuldak. Cognates include Finnish tulla and Estonian tulla.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈtulːɑ/, [ˈtuɫː]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈtulːɑ/, [ˈtuɫːɑ]
- Rhymes: -ulː, -ulːɑ
- Hyphenation: tul‧la
Verb
[edit]tulla
- (intransitive) to come, arrive
- Miä tulin siun kottii. ― I came to your house.
- 1933, V. I. Junus, Lukukirja inkeroisia oppikoteja vart (toiseel oppivuuvveel), Leningrad: Riikin Izdatelstvo Kirja, page 6:
- Tulliit hyy metsä tiil.
- They arrived at the road.
- 1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 22:
- Sima tulloo klaassaa.
- Sima comes to class.
- 1936, D. I. Efimov, Lukukirja: Inkeroisia alkușkouluja vart (toin osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 60:
- Tulloo töömees laavkaa.
- He arrives at a working store.
- (intransitive) to turn out
- Tulloo, jot möö oomma seukot! ― Turns out that we are cousins!
- 1936, L. G. Terehova, V. G. Erdeli, translated by Mihailov and P. I. Maksimov, Geografia: oppikirja iƶoroin alkușkoulun kolmatta klaassaa vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-Pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 5:
- Tuli niin, jot möö mänimmä ääree seitsemän kilometran päähä laagerist.
- So it turned out, that we went about seven kilometers away from the camp.
- (copulative) to turn out
- A kohvi tuli oikiin hyvä! ― The coffee turned out very well!
- 1936, D. I. Efimov, Lukukirja: Inkeroisia alkușkouluja vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 6:
- Käsijä palensi, mut ukko tuli hyvä.
- [Their] hands feel cold, but the [snow]man turned out well.
- (intransitive) to work out
- Ei tult mittää. ― Nothing came of it.
- (transitive + translative) to become, to get
- Kuin siun lapset tulivat suureks! ― How big your children have gotten!
- 1936, D. I. Efimov, Lukukirja: Inkeroisia alkușkouluja vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 8:
- Päivät tultii lyhheeks,
ja päivyt kirkkaast ei paissa.- The days are getting short,
and the Sun doesn't shine brightly.
- The days are getting short,
- (transitive, elative + 3rd person + nominative) to make for
- Täst kapussast tulloo hyvä suppi. ― This cabbage will make for a good soup. (literally, “From this cabbage will come a good soup.”)
- 1936, D. I. Efimov, Lukukirja: Inkeroisia alkușkouluja vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 3:
- a toost Jyrki pionerast
tulloo hyvä inƶenera.- and that Jyrki the pioneer
will make for a good engineer.
- and that Jyrki the pioneer
Usage notes
[edit]- The forms starting with töö-, tye- comform to the front-vocalic vowel harmony:
- Tyetkö siä? ― Are you coming?
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of tulla (irregular, no gradation, gemination) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indikativa | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | töön, tyen | en töö, tye | 1st singular | oon tult, tullut | en oo tult, tullut |
2nd singular | tööt, tyet | et töö, tye | 2nd singular | oot tult, tullut | et oo tult, tullut |
3rd singular | tulloo | ei töö, tye | 3rd singular | ono tult, tullut | ei oo tult, tullut |
1st plural | töömmä, tyemmä | emmä töö, tye | 1st plural | oomma tulleet | emmä oo tulleet |
2nd plural | tööttä, tyettä | että töö, tye | 2nd plural | ootta tulleet | että oo tulleet |
3rd plural | tulloot1), tulevat2), tullaa | evät töö, tye, ei tulla | 3rd plural | ovat tulleet | evät oo tulleet, ei oo tultu |
impersonal | tullaa | ei tulla | impersonal | ono tultu | ei oo tultu |
Imperfekta | Pluskvamperfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | tulin | en tult, tullut | 1st singular | olin tult, tullut | en olt tult, tullut |
2nd singular | tulit | et tult, tullut | 2nd singular | olit tult, tullut | et olt tult, tullut |
3rd singular | tuli | ei tult, tullut | 3rd singular | oli tult, tullut | ei olt tult, tullut |
1st plural | tulimma | emmä tulleet | 1st plural | olimma tulleet | emmä olleet tulleet |
2nd plural | tulitta | että tulleet | 2nd plural | olitta tulleet | että olleet tulleet |
3rd plural | tulliit1), tulivat2), tultii | evät tulleet, ei tultu | 3rd plural | olivat tulleet | evät olleet tulleet, ei olt tultu |
impersonal | tultii | ei tultu | impersonal | oli tultu | ei olt tultu |
Konditsionala | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | tulisin | en tulis | 1st singular | olisin tult, tullut | en olis tult, tullut |
2nd singular | tulisit, tulliist1) | et tulis | 2nd singular | olisit tult, tullut | et olis tult, tullut |
3rd singular | tulis | ei tulis | 3rd singular | olis tult, tullut | ei olis tult, tullut |
1st plural | tulisimma | emmä tulis | 1st plural | olisimma tulleet | emmä olis tulleet |
2nd plural | tulisitta | että tulis | 2nd plural | olisitta tulleet | että olis tulleet |
3rd plural | tulisiit1), tulisivat2), tultais | evät tulis, ei tultais | 3rd plural | olisivat tulleet | evät olis tulleet, ei olis tultu |
impersonal | tultais | ei tultais | impersonal | olis tultu | ei olis tultu |
Imperativa | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | — | — | 1st singular | — | — |
2nd singular | töö, tye | elä töö, tye | 2nd singular | oo tult, tullut | elä oo tult, tullut |
3rd singular | tulkoo | elköö tulko | 3rd singular | olkoo tult, tullut | elköö olko tult, tullut |
1st plural | — | — | 1st plural | — | — |
2nd plural | tulkaa | elkää tulko | 2nd plural | olkaa tulleet | elkää olko tulleet |
3rd plural | tulkoot | elkööt tulko, elköö tultako | 3rd plural | olkoot tulleet | elkööt olko tulleet, elköö olko tultu |
impersonal | tultakoo | elköö tultako | impersonal | olkoo tultu | elköö olko tultu |
Potentsiala | |||||
Preesens | |||||
positive | negative | ||||
1st singular | tullen | en tulle | |||
2nd singular | tullet | et tulle | |||
3rd singular | tulloo | ei tulle | |||
1st plural | tullemma | emmä tulle | |||
2nd plural | tulletta | että tulle | |||
3rd plural | tulloot | evät tulle, ei tultane | |||
impersonal | tultanoo | ei tultane | |||
Nominal forms | |||||
Infinitivat | Partisipat | ||||
active | passive | ||||
1st | tulla | present | tuleva | tultava | |
2nd | inessive | tullees | past | tult, tullut | tultu |
instructive | tullen | 1) Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect. 2) Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect. *) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (tulkaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well. **) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) to the indicative. ***) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) or -kse to either the indicative or the potential ****) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition. | |||
3rd | illative | tulomaa | |||
inessive | tulomaas | ||||
elative | tulomast | ||||
abessive | tulomata | ||||
4th | nominative | tulomiin | |||
partitive | tulomista, tulomiist |
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 607
- Olga I. Konkova, Nikita A. Dyachkov (2014) Inkeroin Keel: Пособие по Ижорскому Языку[2], →ISBN, page 75
Livvi
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *tuldak. Cognates include Finnish tulla and Estonian tulla.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]tulla
- (intransitive) to come; to arrive
- (intransitive) to work out
- Sit ei tuldu nimidä. ― Nothing came of it.
- (intransitive + translative) to become
- Mie tulin opastajakse. ― I became a teacher.
- (intransitive + translative) to be (related)
- Häi tulou minule vellekse. ― He is my brother.
- (intransitive + translative) to fall on
- Minun roindupäivy tuli piätenčäkse. ― My birthday fell on a friday.
- (intransitive + adessive) to smell like
- Laukku tulou juustol. ― The shop smells like cheese.
- (impersonal + 1st infinitive) to be needed; to be important
- Tulou voimistella. ― It is important to do gymnastics.
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- Tatjana Boiko (2019) “tulla”, in Suuri Karjal-Venʹalaine Sanakniigu (livvin murreh) [The Big Karelian-Russian dictionary (Livvi dialect)], 2nd edition, →ISBN
Pali
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Adjective
[edit]tulla
- Alternative form of tulya (“to be weighed”), which see for usage and meanings.
Declension
[edit]Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative (first) | tullo | tullā |
Accusative (second) | tullaṃ | tulle |
Instrumental (third) | tullena | tullehi or tullebhi |
Dative (fourth) | tullassa or tullāya or tullatthaṃ | tullānaṃ |
Ablative (fifth) | tullasmā or tullamhā or tullā | tullehi or tullebhi |
Genitive (sixth) | tullassa | tullānaṃ |
Locative (seventh) | tullasmiṃ or tullamhi or tulle | tullesu |
Vocative (calling) | tulla | tullā |
Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative (first) | tullā | tullāyo or tullā |
Accusative (second) | tullaṃ | tullāyo or tullā |
Instrumental (third) | tullāya | tullāhi or tullābhi |
Dative (fourth) | tullāya | tullānaṃ |
Ablative (fifth) | tullāya | tullāhi or tullābhi |
Genitive (sixth) | tullāya | tullānaṃ |
Locative (seventh) | tullāya or tullāyaṃ | tullāsu |
Vocative (calling) | tulle | tullāyo or tullā |
Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative (first) | tullaṃ | tullāni |
Accusative (second) | tullaṃ | tullāni |
Instrumental (third) | tullena | tullehi or tullebhi |
Dative (fourth) | tullassa or tullāya or tullatthaṃ | tullānaṃ |
Ablative (fifth) | tullasmā or tullamhā or tullā | tullehi or tullebhi |
Genitive (sixth) | tullassa | tullānaṃ |
Locative (seventh) | tullasmiṃ or tullamhi or tulle | tullesu |
Vocative (calling) | tulla | tullāni |
Spanish
[edit]Verb
[edit]tulla
- inflection of tullir:
- Estonian non-lemma forms
- Estonian verb forms
- Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Uralic
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Uralic
- Finnish 2-syllable words
- Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Finnish/ulːɑ
- Rhymes:Finnish/ulːɑ/2 syllables
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish verbs
- Finnish intransitive verbs
- Finnish terms with usage examples
- Finnish impersonal verbs
- Finnish auxiliary verbs
- Finnish slang
- Finnish tulla-type verbs
- Galician terms with unknown etymologies
- Galician terms derived from Medieval Latin
- Galician terms inherited from Latin
- Galician terms derived from Latin
- Galician terms with IPA pronunciation
- Galician lemmas
- Galician nouns
- Galician countable nouns
- Galician feminine nouns
- Ingrian terms derived from Proto-Uralic
- Ingrian terms inherited from Proto-Uralic
- Ingrian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Ingrian terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Ingrian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Ingrian/ulː
- Rhymes:Ingrian/ulː/2 syllables
- Rhymes:Ingrian/ulːɑ
- Rhymes:Ingrian/ulːɑ/2 syllables
- Ingrian lemmas
- Ingrian verbs
- Ingrian intransitive verbs
- Ingrian terms with usage examples
- Ingrian terms with quotations
- Ingrian copulative verbs
- Ingrian transitive verbs
- Livvi terms derived from Proto-Uralic
- Livvi terms inherited from Proto-Uralic
- Livvi terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Livvi terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Livvi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Livvi/ulːɑ
- Rhymes:Livvi/ulːɑ/2 syllables
- Livvi lemmas
- Livvi verbs
- Livvi intransitive verbs
- Livvi terms with usage examples
- Livvi impersonal verbs
- Pali lemmas
- Pali adjectives
- Pali adjectives in Latin script
- Spanish non-lemma forms
- Spanish verb forms