Iuppiter

Latin

Iuppiter Tonans (late first century statue)

Alternative forms

• Iūpiter
• Jūpiter
• Juppiter

Etymology

The nominative Iuppiter, for Iūpiter (with shift of the length from vowel to consonant per the "littera" rule), comes from a vocative combined with pater, and essentially meant "father Jove": Proto-Italic *djous patēr, from *djous (“day, sky”) + *patēr (“father”), from Proto-Indo-European *dyḗws (“lit. the bright one”), root nomen agentis from *dyew- (“to be bright, day sky”). It is cognate with Umbrian 𐌉𐌖𐌐𐌀𐌕𐌄𐌓 (iupater), and in other Indo-European branches also Sanskrit द्यौष्पितृ (dyauṣ-pitṛ), Ancient Greek Ζεῦ πατήρ (Zeû patḗr, “o father Zeus”).

The oblique cases Iov-, Iovis continue the inflection of Proto-Indo-European *dyḗws. Cognates are Latin diēs (from the accusative case) and Ancient Greek Ζεύς (Zeús).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈjup.pi.ter/, [ˈjʊp.pɪ.tɛr]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈjup.pi.ter/

• Audio (Classical)

  (file)

Proper noun

Iuppiter m (genitive Iovis); irregular declension

1. The god Jupiter.
2. (poetic) The sky.
3. The planet Jupiter.
   • 1584: Johann Virdung of Hassfurt, De Cognoscendis, et Medendis Morbis ex Corporum Coelestium Positione

     [f. 7r] Ex ♃ Peripneumonia, Apoplexia, Pleurisis cardiaca, Angina, [...] oriuntur.

     [f. 7v] HABENT Namque Planetae speciales influentias super humani corporis membra ob existentiam eorum in signis, vt in Ariete, Saturnus habet pectus. Iupiter ventrem. Mars caput. [etc.]

Declension

Third declension.

Case	Singular	Plural
nominative	Iuppiter	Iovēs
genitive	Iovis	Iovum
dative	Iovī	Iovibus
accusative	Iovem	Iovēs
ablative	Iove	Iovibus
vocative	Iuppiter	Iovēs

Synonyms

• (the planet Jupiter): Phaenōn, Phaëthōn

Derived terms

• dies Iovis
• iovialis

Descendants

• Afrikaans: Jupiter
• Arabic: يوبيتر (yubiitar)
• Armenian: Յուպիտեր (Yupiter)
• Asturian: Xúpiter
• Azeri: Yupiter
• Bashkir: Юпитер (Yupiter)
• Basque: Jupiter
• Catalan: Júpiter
• Cornish: Jubyter, Yow
• Czech: Jupiter
• Dutch: Jupiter
• English: Jupiter, Jove
• Esperanto: Jupitero
• Estonian: Jupiter
• Finnish: Juppiter, Jupiter

• Franco-Provençal: Jupitèr
• French: Jupiter
• Galician: Xúpiter
• German: Jupiter
• Hungarian: Jupiter
• Icelandic: Júpíter
• Indonesian: Jupiter
• Irish: Iúpatar
• Italian: Giove
• Latvian: Jupiters
• Lithuanian: Jupiteris
• Macedonian: Јупитер (Jupiter)
• Maltese: Ġovè
• Persian: ژوپیتر (Župiter)
• Polish: Jowisz, Jupiter

• Portuguese: Júpiter
• Romanian: Jupiter
• Russian: Юпитер (Jupiter)
• Serbo-Croatian: Jupiter/Јупитер
• Slovak: Jupiter
• Slovene: Júpiter
• Spanish: Júpiter
• Swedish: Jupiter
• Tagalog: Hupiter
• Turkish: Jüpiter
• Tuvan: Юпитер (Yupïtär)
• Wolof: Yupiter
• Yoruba: Júpítérì
• Zulu: uJupitheri

See also

• Diespiter
• Diovis

References

• Iuppiter in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers