Iuppiter

Latin

Iuppiter Tonans (late first century statue)

Alternative forms

• Iūpiter
• Jūpiter
• Juppiter

Etymology

The nominative Iuppiter, for Iūpiter (with shift of the length from vowel to consonant per the "littera" rule), comes from a vocative combined with pater, and essentially meant "father Jove": Proto-Italic *djous patēr, from *djous ‎(“day, sky”) + *patēr ‎(“father”), from Proto-Indo-European *dyḗws ‎(“lit. the bright one”), root nomen agentis from *dyew- ‎(“to be bright, day sky”). It is cognate with Umbrian 𐌉𐌖𐌐𐌀𐌕𐌄𐌓 ‎(iupater), and in other Indo-European branches also Sanskrit द्यौष्पितृ ‎(dyauṣ-pitṛ), Ancient Greek Ζεῦ πατήρ ‎(Zeû patḗr, “o father Zeus”).

The oblique cases Iov-, Iovis continue the inflection of Proto-Indo-European *dyḗws. Cognates are Latin diēs (from the accusative case) and Ancient Greek Ζεύς ‎(Zeús).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈjup.pi.ter/, [ˈjʊp.pɪ.tɛr]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈjup.pi.ter/

• Audio (Classical)

  (file)

Proper noun

Iuppiter m ‎(genitive Iovis); irregular declension

1. The god Jupiter.
2. (poetic) The sky.
3. The planet Jupiter.
   • 1584: Johann Virdung of Hassfurt, De Cognoscendis, et Medendis Morbis ex Corporum Coelestium Positione

     [f. 7r] Ex ♃ Peripneumonia, Apoplexia, Pleuriſis cardiaca, Angina, [...] oriuntur.

     [f. 7v] HABENT Namque Planetæ ſpeciales influentias ſuper humani corporis membra ob exiſtentiam eorum in ſignis, vt in Ariete, Saturnus habet pectus. Iupiter ventrem. Mars caput. [etc.]

Inflection

Third declension.

Case	Singular	Plural
nominative	Iuppiter	Iovēs
genitive	Iovis	Iovum
dative	Iovī	Iovibus
accusative	Iovem	Iovēs
ablative	Iove	Iovibus
vocative	Iuppiter	Iovēs

Derived terms

• dies Iovis
• iovialis

Descendants

Afrikaans: Jupiter Arabic: يوبيتر ‎(yubiitar) Armenian: Յուպիտեր ‎(Yupiter) Asturian: Xúpiter Azeri: Yupiter Bashkir: Юпитер ‎(Yupiter) Basque: Jupiter Catalan: Júpiter Cornish: Jubyter, Yow Czech: Jupiter Dutch: Jupiter English: Jupiter, Jove Esperanto: Jupitero Estonian: Jupiter Finnish: Juppiter, Jupiter

Franco-Provençal: Jupitèr French: Jupiter Galician: Xúpiter German: Jupiter Hungarian: Jupiter Icelandic: Júpíter Indonesian: Jupiter Irish: Iúpatar Italian: Giove Latvian: Jupiters Lithuanian: Jupiteris Macedonian: Јупитер ‎(Jupiter) Maltese: Ġovè Persian: ژوپیتر ‎(Župiter) Polish: Jowisz, Jupiter

Portuguese: Júpiter Romanian: Jupiter Russian: Юпитер ‎(Jupiter) Serbo-Croatian: Jupiter/Јупитер Slovak: Jupiter Slovene: Júpiter Spanish: Júpiter Swedish: Jupiter Turkish: Jüpiter Tuvan: Юпитер ‎(Yupïtär) Wolof: Yupiter Yoruba: Júpítérì Zulu: uJupitheri

See also

• Diespiter
• Diovis

References

• Iuppiter in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers