Jerusalem artichoke

English

Uncertain, possible corruption of Italian girasole articiocco (“sunflower artichoke”), with girasole mistaken for the word Jerusalem via folk etymology.^[1]

Jerusalem artichoke (plural Jerusalem artichokes)

A variety of sunflower, Helianthus tuberosus, native to North America, having yellow flower heads and edible tubers.
The tuber of this plant, eaten as a vegetable.
Synonyms: earthapple, sunchoke

plant and tuber

Armenian: գետնախնձոր (hy) (getnaxnjor)
Chinese:
Mandarin: 菊芋 (zh) (júyù), (informal) 洋姜 (zh) (yángjiāng)
Czech: topinambur m
Dutch: aardpeer (nl) m
Esperanto: terpiro
Finnish: maa-artisokka (fi), mukula-artisokka (fi)
French: topinambour (fr) m
German: Topinambur (de) m
Greek: αγκινάρα της Ιερουσαλήμ f (agkinára tis Ierousalím)
Icelandic: ætifífill m
Irish: bliosán gréine m
Italian: (plant and tuber) topinambur m
Japanese: 菊芋 (きくいも, kikuimo)
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Korean: 뚱딴지 (ttungttanji)
Macedonian: шалган m (šalgan), (tuber) зимско јаболко n (zimsko jabolko), (plant) кртолест сончоглед m (krtolest sončogled)
Mazanderani: یارم مستی (yâram-masti)
Norman: paithe dé tèrre f
Occitan: giganta f, tartifla f, tartifle m, tòpi m
Ojibwe: askiibwaan
Persian: سیب‌زمینی ترشی (sib-zamini-ye torši), شلغم فرنگی (šalğam-e farangi)
Portuguese: tupinambor m, tupinambo m
Romanian: topinambur (ro) m, nap (ro) m, nap-porcesc m
Russian: топина́мбур (ru) m (topinámbur), земляна́я гру́ша f (zemljanája grúša)
Spanish: topinambur
Swedish: jordärtskocka (sv) c
Turkish: yer elması (tr)
Vietnamese: cúc vu

^ Smith, James Edward (1807) chapter 12, in An introduction to physiological and systematical botany: “A corruption, as I presume, of the Italian name Girasole Articiocco, sun-flower Artichoke, as the plant was first brought from Peru to Italy, and thence propagated throughout Europe.”