Jerusalem

See also: Jérusalem, Jerúsalem, and Jerusalém

English

Etymology

From Late Latin Ierusalem, Hierusalem, from Latin Hierosolyma, from Ancient Greek Ἰερουσαλήμ (Ierousalḗm), from Biblical Hebrew יְרוּשָׁלַיִם‎ (Yərūšālayim), from a Western Semitic form attested in Ancient Egyptian as

(ꜣwšꜣmm), a compound of Semitic *uru (“house, town”) and *salim, which meant either "peace" or "Shalim", Canaanite goddess of twilight.

Pronunciation

• enPR: jə-ro͞o'sə-ləm, jə-ro͞o'zə-ləm, IPA^(key): /d͡ʒəˈɹuːsələm/, /d͡ʒəˈɹuːzələm/

Proper noun

Jerusalem (plural Jerusalems)

1. The capital of Israel.
2. The city located on in the Judean Mountains between the Mediterranean and the Dead Sea which is holy to Judaism (Temple of Solomon and the capital of the ancient kingdoms of Israel and Judea), Christianity (Christ’s crucifixion and resurrection), and Islam (Muhammad’s ascension to heaven).

Synonyms

• al-Quds (chiefly in Islamic or Arabic contexts)
• Hierosolyma (chiefly in reference to the ancient Roman or Crusader era city)

Meronyms

• East Jerusalem (EJ), East al-Quds
• West Jerusalem (WJ)

Derived terms

• Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) (by folk etymology)
• Jerusalem cherry (Solanum pseudocapsicum)
• Jerusalemite
• East Jerusalemite
• West Jerusalemite
• Jerusalem oak
• Jerusalem sage (Phlomis fruticosa)
• Jerusalem thorn

Translations

city

• Afrikaans: Jerusalem
• Albanian: Jeruzalemi
• Amharic: እየሩሳሌም (ʾəyärusalem)
• Arabic: اَلْقُدْس‎ f (al-quds) (the name which is commonly used by Muslims), أُورُشَلِيم‎ f (ʾūrušalīm) (official in Israel), بَيْت اَلْمُقَدَّس‎ m (bayt al-muqaddas), بَيْت اَلْمَقْدِس‎ m (bayt al-maqdis)
• Aragonese: Cherusalén
• Aramaic:

  Hebrew: אורשלם‎ (’ūrišlem)

  Syriac: ܐܘܪܫܠܡ‎ (’ūrišlem)

• Armenian: Երուսաղեմ (Erusałem)

  Old Armenian: Երուսաղէմ (Erusałēm)

• Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܐܘܪܫܠܡ‎
• Asturian: Xerusalén
• Avar: Байтул Макъдис (Bajtul Maq̇̄dis)
• Azerbaijani: Qüds, Yerusəlim
• Bashkir: Иерусали́м (Iyerusalím)
• Basque: Jerusalem
• Belarusian: Ерусалі́м m (Jerusalím), Аль-Ку́дс m (Alʹ-Kúds) (rare, Muslim context)
• Bengali: জেরুসালেম (jerusalem)
• Breton: Jeruzalem
• Bulgarian: Йерусали́м m (Jerusalím)
• Burmese: ဂျေရုဆလင်မြို့ (gyeru.hca.langmrui.)
• Catalan: Jerusalem (ca)
• Chechen: Къудс-ГӀала (Q̇uds-Ġala)
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 耶路撒冷 (je⁴ lou⁶ saat³ laang⁵)

  Hakka: 耶路撒冷 (Yâ-lu-sat-lâng)

  Mandarin: 耶路撒冷 (zh) (Yēlùsālěng)

  Min Nan: 耶路撒冷 (Iâ-lō͘-sat-léng)

• Crimean Tatar: Qudus, Urşelim, Yerusalim
• Czech: Jeruzalém (cs) m
• Danish: Jerusalem
• Dhivehi: އޫރުޝަލީމް‎ (ūrušalīm), ޤުދުސް‎ (qudus)
• Dutch: Jeruzalem (nl)
• Esperanto: Jerusalemo (eo)
• Estonian: Jeruusalemm (et)
• Faroese: Jerusalem
• Fijian: Jerusalemi
• Finnish: Jerusalem (fi)
• French: Jérusalem (fr)
• Galician: Xerusalén (gl)
• Georgian: იერუსალიმი (ierusalimi)

  Old Georgian: იჱრუსალიმ (iērusalim), იჱრუსალიმი (iērusalimi)

• German: Jerusalem (de)
• Gothic: 𐌹𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌻𐍅𐌼𐌰 (iairusaulwma)
• Greek: Ιερουσαλήμ (el) f (Ierousalím)

  Ancient: Ἱεροσόλυμα n pl (Hierosóluma)

• Gujarati: જેરુશલેમ (jeruślem)
• Hawaiian: Ielukalema
• Hebrew: יְרוּשָׁלַיִם‎ (he) f (yerushaláyim)
• Hindi: यरुशलम (yaruślam), येरुशलम (yeruślam), अल-क़ुद्स (al-quds)
• Hungarian: Jeruzsálem (hu)
• Icelandic: Jerúsalem
• Ido: Ierusalem (io)
• Indonesian: Yerusalem
• Interlingua: Jerusalem
• Irish: Iarúsailéim f
• Italian: Gerusalemme (it) f
• Japanese: エルサレム (Erusaremu), イェルサレム (Yerusaremu)
• Javanese: Yerusalem
• Kannada: ಜೆರುಸಲೆಂ (jerusaleṃ)
• Kazakh: Иерусалим (Ïerwsalïm), Құдыс (Qudıs)
• Khmer: ហ្សេរុយសាឡឹម (zeruysāḷʉm)
• Korean: 예루살렘 (Yerusallem)

• Krymchak: Йерушалайым
• Kurdish:

  Kurmanji: Orşelîm (ku), Quds (ku)

• Kyrgyz: Иерусалим (İyerusalim), Кудус (Kudus)
• Ladino: ירושלים‎ f (yerushalayim)
• Lao: ເຢຣູຊາເລັມ (yē rū sā lem)
• Latin: Hierosolyma n pl, Hierosolyma f, Hierusalem n, Hierosolymae f pl, Jerosolyma n pl, Jerosolyma f, Jerusalem n
• Latvian: Jeruzāleme f
• Lithuanian: Jeruzalė f
• Luxembourgish: Jerusalem
• Macedonian: Еру́салим m (Erúsalim)
• Malay: Baitulmuqaddis, Baitulmaqdis, Jerusalem, Yerusalem
• Malayalam: ജെറുസലേം (jeṟusalēṃ)
• Maltese: Ġerusalemm m
• Manchu: ᡳᠶᡝᡵᡠᠰᠠᠯᡳᠮ (iyerusalim)
• Marathi: जेरुसलेम (jeruslem)
• Middle Persian: [script needed] (ʾwlyšlym)
• Mongolian: Иерусалим (Ijerusalim)
• Navajo: Jííwoosalem, Jerúsalem
• Nepali: जेरुसेलम (jeruselama)
• Norwegian: Jerusalem (no)
• Old French: Jherusalem
• Old Norse: Jórsalir m pl, Jórsalaborg f
• Ossetian: Иерусалим (Ierusalim)
• Pashto: قدس‎ (quds), بيت المقدس‎ (ps) (baytu l-muqadas), يروشلم‎ (yarūšalim)
• Persian: اورشلیم‎ (fa) (oršalim), قدس‎ (fa) (qods), بیت‌المقدس‎ (fa) (beyt-ol-moqaddas)
• Plautdietsch: Jerusalem
• Polish: Jerozolima (pl)
• Portuguese: Jerusalém (pt) f
• Punjabi: ਜੇਰੂਸਲਮ (jerūslam)
• Romanian: Ierusalim (ro)
• Russian: Иерусали́м (ru) m (Ijerusalím), Аль-Ку́дс (ru) m (Alʹ-Kúds) (rare, chiefly used by Muslims)
• Samoan: Ierusalema
• Scottish Gaelic: Ierusalem
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: Јерусалим m

  Roman: Jerusalim m

• Sicilian: Girusalemmi
• Sinhalese: ජෙරුසලම (jerusalama)
• Slovak: Jeruzalem (sk)
• Slovene: Jerúzalem (sl) m
• Sogdian: ܐܘܪܫܠܡ‎ (uršlīm, uršlēm)
• Somali: Qudus
• Spanish: Jerusalén (es)
• Swahili: Yerusalemu
• Swedish: Jerusalem (sv)
• Tagalog: Herusalen
• Tajik: Уршалим (Uršalim), Қуддус (Quddus), Байтулмуқаддас (Baytulmuqaddas)
• Tamil: எருசலேம் (erucalēm)
• Tatar: Коддес (Qoddes), Иерусалим (İyerusalim)
• Telugu: జెరూసలేం (jerūsalēṃ)
• Thai: เยรูซาเลม (yee-ruu-saa-lem)
• Tibetan: ཇེ་རུ་ས་ལེམ (je ru sa lem)
• Turkish: Kudüs (tr), Kudsişerif, Yeruşalim
• Turkmen: Iýerusalim, Kudüs
• Ukrainian: Єрусали́м m (Jerusalým), Аль-Ку́дс m (Alʹ-Kúds) (rare, Muslim context)
• Urdu: یوروشلم‎ (yurušalem), یروشلم‎ (yarušalem)
• Uyghur: يېرۇسالېم‎ (yërusalëm), يېرۇسالېم‎ (yërusalëm), قۇددۇس‎ (quddus)
• Uzbek: Quddus, Iyerusalim
• Vietnamese: Jerusalem, Giê-ru-da-lem
• Walloon: Djeruzalem (wa)
• Welsh: Jeriwsalem, Caersalem
• West Frisian: Jeruzalim
• Yiddish: ירושלים‎ n (yerushaláyim)

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Catalan

Proper noun

Jerusalem

1. Jerusalem

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Danish

Proper noun

Jerusalem

1. Jerusalem

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Finnish

Proper noun

Jerusalem

1. Jerusalem

Declension

Inflection of Jerusalem (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)
nominative		Jerusalem	—
genitive		Jerusalemin	—
partitive		Jerusalemia	—
illative		Jerusalemiin	—
		singular	plural
nominative		Jerusalem	—
accusative	nom.	Jerusalem	—
	gen.	Jerusalemin
genitive		Jerusalemin	—
partitive		Jerusalemia	—
inessive		Jerusalemissa	—
elative		Jerusalemista	—
illative		Jerusalemiin	—
adessive		Jerusalemilla	—
ablative		Jerusalemilta	—
allative		Jerusalemille	—
essive		Jerusalemina	—
translative		Jerusalemiksi	—
instructive		—	—
abessive		Jerusalemitta	—
comitative		—	—

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German

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /jeˈʀuːzalɛm/

Proper noun

Jerusalem n (genitive Jerusalems)

1. Jerusalem

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Portuguese

Proper noun

Jerusalem f

1. Obsolete spelling of Jerusalém

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Swedish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /jɛ²rʉːsaˌlɛm/

Proper noun

Jerusalem n (genitive Jerusalems)

1. Jerusalem

See also

• Jorsala