Module:ne-IPA
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- The following documentation is located at Module:ne-IPA/documentation. [edit] Categories were auto-generated by Module:module categorization. [edit]
- Useful links: subpage list • links • transclusions • testcases • sandbox (diff)
Nepali IPA pronunciation module. See {{ne-IPA}}.
Testcases
1 of 54 tests failed. (refresh)
| Text | Expected | Actual | Comments | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 | विवाह (vivāha) | [bibä̤ː] | [bibä̤ː] | |
| श्रावण (śrāwaṇ) | [sräwʌɽ̃] | [sräwʌɽ̃] | |
| हलो (halo) | [ɦʌlo] | [ɦʌlo] | |
| जहाज (jahāj) | [d͡zä̤ː(d)z] | [d͡zä̤ː(d)z] | |
| कार्य (kārya) | [kärːe] | [kärːe] | |
| पर्यो (paryo) | [pʌɾjo] | [pʌɾjo] | |
| विश्व (viśwa) | [bisːo] | [bisːo] | |
| अक्षर (akṣar) | [ʌk̚t͡sʰer] | [ʌk̚t͡sʰer] | |
| क्षेत्री (kṣetrī) | [t͡sʰet̪ri] | [t͡sʰet̪ri] | |
| त्यस (tyas) | [t̪es] | [t̪es] | |
| विश्व (viśwa) | [bisːo] | [bisːo] | |
| राज्य (rājya) | [räd̚d͡ze] | [räd̚d͡ze] | |
| अङ्ग्रेजी (aṅgrejī) | [ʌŋɡre(d)zi] | [ʌŋɡre(d)zi] | |
| पेय (peya) | [pe(j)ʌ] | [pe(j)ʌ] | |
| अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय (antarrāṣṭriya) | [ʌn̪t̪ʌrːäs̠t̠rie] | [ʌn̪t̪ʌrːäs̠t̠rie] | dental assimilation |
| सय (saya) | [sʌe] | [sʌe] | non-initial ya before before consonants |
| सत्य (satya) | [sʌt̪t̪e] | [sʌt̪t̪e] | gemination of preceding consonant and replacement with e |
| यस (yas) | [es] | [es] | Initial ya replacement with e |
| विश्वास (viśvās) | [biswäs] | [biswäs] | w to b before certain vowels and glides |
| विश्व (viśwa) | [bisːo] | [bisːo] | |
| वरिपरि (waripari) | [wʌɾipʌɾi] | [wʌɾipʌɾi] | w elsewhere |
| घरको (gharko) | [ɡʱʌ̤rko] | [ɡʱʌ̤rko] | breathy vowel after voiced aspirates |
| अर्थ (artha) | [ʌrt̪ʰʌ] | [ʌrt̪ʰʌ] | |
| अर्को (arko) | [ʌrko] | [ʌrko] | |
| तारा (tārā) | [t̪äɾä] | [t̪äɾä] | tapped r intervocalically |
| घोडा (ghoḍā) | [ɡʱo̤ɽä] | [ɡʱo̤ɽä] | retroflex tap postvocalically |
| डर (ḍar) | [ɖʌr] | [ɖʌr] | ḍ elsewhere |
| कस्को (kasko) | [kʌsko] | [kʌsko] | |
| कसको (kasko) | [kʌsko] | [kʌsko] | |
| लर्क (larka) | [lʌrkʌ] | [lʌrkʌ] | turned v into schwa final syllable |
| सम्म (samma) | [sʌmːʌ] | [sʌmːʌ] | |
| संस्था (sansthā) | [sʌnst̪ʰä] | [sʌnst̪ʰä] | |
| रुची (rucī) | [rut͡si] | [rut͡si] | |
| हाम्रो (hāmro) | [ɦämro] | [ɦämro] | |
| बाह्र (bāhra) | [bäɾʌ] | [bäɾʌ] | |
| बाह्रखरी (bāhrakharī) | [bäɾʌk̞ʰʌɾi] | [bäɾʌk̞ʰʌɾi] | |
| बाह्य (bāhya) | [bäi̯e] | [bäi̯e] | |
| चर्चा (carcā) | [t͡sʌrt͡sä] | [t͡sʌrt͡sä] | |
| रचना (racanā) | [rʌt͡sʌnä] | [rʌt͡sʌnä] | |
| टर्रो (ṭarro) | [ʈʌrːo] | [ʈʌrːo] | |
| आर (ār) | [är] | [är] | |
| ईर् (īr) | [ir] | [ir] | |
| रातो (rāto) | [rät̪o] | [rät̪o] | |
 | उर (ura) | [ur] | [uɾʌ] | |
| दुई (duī) | [d̪ui̯] | [d̪ui̯] | |
| चप्पल (cappal) | [t͡sʌp̚pʌl] | [t͡sʌp̚pʌl] | |
| पक्का (pakkā) | [pʌk̚kä] | [pʌk̚kä] | |
| अस्ट्रेलिया (asṭreliyā) | [ʌs̠t̠relijä] | [ʌs̠t̠relijä] | |
| भिज़न (bhizan) | [bʱi̤zʌn] | [bʱi̤zʌn] | |
| ऑस्ट्रेलिया (ŏsṭreliyā) | [ɒs̠t̠relijä] | [ɒs̠t̠relijä] | |
| ॲप (ĕp) | [æp] | [æp] | |
| ज़ू (zū) | [zu] | [zu] | |
| द़िस (ðis) | [ðis] | [ðis] | |
| थ़िक (θik) | [θik] | [θik] |
local export = {}
local lang = require("Module:languages").getByCode("ne")
local sc = require("Module:scripts").getByCode("Deva")
local m_IPA = require("Module:IPA")
local find = mw.ustring.find
local gcodepoint = mw.ustring.gcodepoint
local gmatch = mw.ustring.gmatch
local gsub = mw.ustring.gsub
local u = require("Module:string/char")
local correspondences = {
["ṅ"] = "ŋ",
["g"] = "ɡ",
["c"] = "t͡s",
["j"] = "d͡z",
["ċ"] = "t͡s",
["j̈"] = "d͡z",
["ñ"] = "n",
["ṭ"] = "ʈ",
["ḍ"] = "ɖ",
["ṇ"] = "ɳ",
["t"] = "t̪",
["d"] = "d̪",
["y"] = "j",
["v"] = "b",
["w"] = "w",
["l"] = "l",
["ś"] = "s",
["ṣ"] = "s",
["h"] = "ɦ",
["r̥"] = "ri",
["ṃ"] = "̃",
["ॽ"] = "",
["ऽ"] = "ː",
["'"] = "",
[","] = ",",
["r"] = "r",
["ỹ"] = "j̃",
["ⁿ"] = "̃",
["ṛ"] = "ɽ",
["n"] = "n",
["ž"] = "ʒ",
["z"] = "z",
["ġ"] = "ɣ",
["q"] = "q",
["x"] = "x",
["θ"] = "θ",
["ð"] = "ð",
["f"] = "f",
["ḻ"] = "ɭ",
["ṟ"] = "ɹ",
["V"] = "v",
["a"] = "ʌ",
["ā"] = "ä",
["i"] = "i",
["ī"] = "i",
["o"] = "o",
["e"] = "e",
["u"] = "u",
["ū"] = "u",
["ai"] = "ʌi̯",
["au"] = "ʌu̯",
["ŏ"] = "ɒ",
["ĕ"] = "æ",
["āu"] = "äu̯",
["āi"] = "äi̯",
["ãi"] = "ʌ̃ĩ̯",
["ũ"] = "ũ",
["ãu"] = "ʌ̃ũ̯",
["õ"] = "õ",
["ã"] = "ʌ̃",
["ā̃"] = "ä̃",
["ẽ"] = "ẽ",
["ḥ"] = "ː",
[" "] = "‿"
}
local vowels = "aāā̃ẽõiīuūi̯u̯e̞eī̃ū̃ĩoää̃ʌʌ̃ãũŏĕ̤"
local weak_h_c = "gjdḍd̪ṇɽbṛvrṟwy"
local primary_stress = "ˈ"
local secondary_stress = "ˌ"
local weak_h = "([" .. weak_h_c .. "])h"
local aspirate = "([kctṭt̪p])"
local syllabify_pattern = "([" .. vowels .. "]+)([^" .. vowels .. "%.]+)([" .. vowels .. "]+)"
local function find_consonants(text)
local current = ""
local cons = {}
for cc in gcodepoint(text .. " ") do
local ch = u(cc)
if
find(current .. ch, "^[kgṅcjñṭḍṇɽtdnpbmɽ̃yrlɳwvɾjwśṣshqxġzžḻṛṟfθðṉ]$") or
find(current .. ch, "^[kgcjṭḍṇtɽdɽ̃pbṛṟ]h$")
then
current = current .. ch
else
table.insert(cons, current)
current = ch
end
end
return cons
end
local function syllabify(text)
for count = 1, 2 do
text =
gsub(
text,
syllabify_pattern,
function(a, b, c)
b_set = find_consonants(b)
table.insert(b_set, #b_set > 1 and 2 or 1, "")
return a .. table.concat(b_set) .. c
end
)
end
return text
end
local identical = "knlsfzθð"
for character in gmatch(identical, ".") do
correspondences[character] = character
end
local function transliterate(text)
return (lang:transliterate(text))
end
function export.link(term)
return require("Module:links").full_link {term = term, lang = lang, sc = sc}
end
function export.toIPA(text, phonetic)
local translit = text
if lang:findBestScript(text):isTransliterated() then
translit = transliterate(text)
end
if not translit then
error('The term "' .. text .. '" could not be transliterated.')
end
if phonetic then
translit = gsub(translit, "([aʌäāiīuūeoŏĕɔæɛʌ̃ä̃ĩũī̃ū̃ẽõɔ̃e̤])([nl])([td])", "%1%2̪%3") -- dental assimilation
translit = gsub(translit, "([aʌäāiīuūeoŏĕɔæɛʌ̃ä̃ĩũī̃ū̃ẽõɔ̃e̤])ṇ([ṭyḍ])", "%1ɳ%2")
translit = gsub(translit, "([aʌäāiīuūeoŏĕɔæɛʌ̃ä̃ĩũī̃ū̃ẽõɔ̃e̤])n([ṭḍ])", "%1ɳ%2") -- retroflex assimilation 2nd
translit = gsub(translit, "ṇ", "ʀ")
translit = gsub(translit, "ॽ", "ʔ")
translit = gsub(translit, "'", "ʔ")
-- ɡlottal stop
translit = gsub(translit, "(h?)r̥", "ɾi") -- hr̥ ligature initially
translit = gsub(translit, "([aʌäāiīuūeoŏĕɔæɛʌ̃ä̃ĩũī̃ū̃ẽõɔ̃e̤])kṣ", "%1k̚t͡sʰy") -- kṣ ligature
translit = gsub(translit, "()kṣ", "t͡sʰ") -- kṣ initial
translit = gsub(translit, "([aʌäāiīuūeoŏĕɔæɛʌ̃ä̃ĩũī̃ū̃ẽõɔ̃e̤])h%1", "%1̤ː") -- h dropping
translit = gsub(translit, "([aʌäāiīuūeoŏĕɔæɛʌ̃ä̃ĩũī̃ū̃ẽõɔ̃e̤])h([iīuūĩũī̃ū̃])", "%1%2̯")
translit = gsub(translit, "([uūũū̃])h([aʌäāiīuūeoŏĕɔæɛʌ̃ä̃ĩũī̃ū̃ẽõɔ̃e̤])", "%1%2")
translit = gsub(translit, "([ʌ̃ʌaã])h([ä̃äāā̃])", "%2̤ː")
translit = gsub(translit, "([ää̃āā̃])h([ʌʌ̃aã])", "%1̤ː")
translit = gsub(translit, "([iĩīī̃])h([uũūū̃])", "%1%2")
translit = gsub(translit, "([uũūū̃])h([iĩīī̃])", "%1%2")
translit = gsub(translit, "([iīaʌ])h([äāeä̃ā̃ẽ])", "%1(ɦ)%2")
translit = gsub(translit, "([aʌäāiīuūeoŏĕɔæɛʌ̃ä̃ĩũī̃ū̃ẽõɔ̃e̤])h([nml])", "%1%2%2")
translit = gsub(translit, "([aʌäāiīuūeoŏĕɔæɛʌ̃ä̃ĩũī̃ū̃ẽõɔ̃e̤])hr([aʌäāiīuūeoŏĕ])", "%1ɾ%2")
translit = gsub(translit, "([aʌäāiīuūeoŏĕɔæɛʌ̃ä̃ĩũī̃ū̃ẽõɔ̃e̤])hy([aʌäāiīuūeoŏĕ])", "%1i̯y%2")
translit = gsub(translit, "([ñnl])([cj])", "%1̻%2")
translit = gsub(translit, "([śṣs])([ṭ])(h)", "s̠t̠ʰ")
translit = gsub(translit, "([śṣs])([ḍ])(h)", "s̠d̠ʱ")
translit = gsub(translit, "([śṣs])([ṭ])", "s̠t̠")
translit = gsub(translit, "([śṣs])([ḍ])", "s̠d̠")
translit = gsub(translit, "([l])([ṭʈɖḍ])", "ɭ%2")
translit = gsub(translit, "([ṭḍʈɖ])(h?)([l])", "%1%2ɭ")
translit = gsub(translit, "([ṭʈḍ])(h?)([n])", "%1%2ɳ")
translit = gsub(translit, "([td])(h?)([n])", "%1%2%3̪")
translit = gsub(translit, "([nmṅɳŋɲñṇ])([iīuū])([̃ṃ]?)([iīuū])([̃ṃ]?)", "%1%2̃%4̃")
translit = gsub(translit, "([ʌʌ̃äaāisīːũuĩī̃ūeẽãū̃ä̃ā̃õo̤])([p])([h])", "%1ɸ")
translit = gsub(translit, "([ʌʌ̃äaāisīːũuĩī̃ūeẽãū̃ä̃ā̃õo̤])([k])([h])", "%1k̞ʰ")
translit = gsub(translit, "([ʌʌ̃äaāisīːũuĩī̃ūeẽãū̃ä̃ā̃õo̤])([j])([h]?)", "%1ʐ")
translit = gsub(translit, "([ʌʌ̃äaāisīːũuĩī̃ūeẽãū̃ä̃ā̃õo̤])b(h?)([ʌʌ̃äaāisīːũuĩī̃ūeẽãū̃ä̃ā̃õo̤])", "%1b%3")
translit = gsub(translit, "([ʌʌ̃äaāisīːũuĩī̃ūeẽãū̃ä̃ā̃õo̤])([d])([h])", "%1%2")
translit = gsub(translit, "([ʌʌ̃äaāisīːũuĩī̃ūeẽãū̃ä̃ā̃õo̤])g(h?)", "%1ɡ̞")
translit = gsub(translit, "c(h?)c(h)", "t̚t͡sʰ")
translit = gsub(translit, "cc", "t̚t͡s")
translit = gsub(translit, "j(h?)j(h)", "d̚d͡zʱ")
translit = gsub(translit, "jj", "d̚d͡z")
translit = gsub(translit, "([kɡtdʈṭpb])(̪?)([ʰʱ]?)([ %.ˈ]?)([kɡtdṭʈpb])([ʰʱ]?)", "%1%2%3̚%4%5%6") -- no audible release
translit = gsub(translit, "([aʌäāiīuūoŏĕɔæɛʌ̃ä̃ĩũī̃ū̃õɔ̃o̤])ya", "%1e") -- ya to e before vowel
translit = gsub(translit, "([e])ya", "%1(y)ʌ")
translit =
gsub(
translit,
"([aʌäāiīuūeoŏĕɔæɛʌ̃ä̃ĩũī̃ū̃ẽõɔ̃e̤])([gɡbtṭdmhncjvwṛṛ̃ṅɽśṣɳszʐlkpḍç])(̞?)([ʰhʱ]?)([wv])a",
"%1%2%2%4o"
) -- gemination of preceding consonant
translit = gsub(translit, "()([gbtṭdmhncjvwṇṅɽzśṣɳslkpḍ])([wv])a", "%2o")
translit =
gsub(
translit,
"([aʌäāiīuūeoŏĕɔæɛʌ̃ä̃ĩũī̃ū̃ẽõɔ̃e̤])([rbtṭdmɡgncjvwṇʐzṅśṣɳslkpç])(̞?)([ʰhʱ]?)ya",
"%1%2%2%4e"
) -- gemination of preceding consonant
translit = gsub(translit, "()([grbtṭdmncjvwṅzśṣɳslkpḍ])ya", "%2e") -- no gemination
translit = gsub(translit, "()ya", "e") -- ya to e
translit = gsub(translit, "([aʌäāiīuūeoŏĕɔæɛʌ̃ä̃ĩũī̃ū̃ẽõɔ̃e̤ːˑ])ḍ(h?)(y?)", "%1ɽ%3") -- postvocalic allophone of ḍ and ḍh
translit = gsub(translit, "([bdgjḍ])h([ʌäaāiīuūeeoo])", "%1ʱ%2̤") -- breathy voice
-- force final schwa
translit = gsub(translit, "a~$", "ʌ")
translit = gsub(translit, "a$", "ʌ") -- final schwa retention
translit = gsub(translit, "(...)a ", "%1ʌ ") -- final schwa retenti
translit = gsub(translit, "([ʌʌ̃äaāiīuūəãā̃ī̃ĩũū̃ẽõeeo̯o ̤])r([ʌʌ̃äaāiīuūəãā̃ī̃ĩũū̃ẽõeeyo̯o])", "%1ɾ%2")
translit = gsub(translit, "m̐", "ːm")
end
local result = gsub(translit, ".", correspondences)
translit = gsub(translit, "͠", "̃")
---translit = gmatch(translit, '^[^-]') and ('ˈ' .. gsub(translit, ' ', ' ˈ'))
translit = gsub(translit, "(...)*$", "%1ʌ") -- second person mid-respect verb form
translit = gsub(translit, "m̐", "m")
translit = gsub(translit, "rr̥", "ri")
translit =
gsub(
translit,
"()([śsnlcjzkhptdgb])([vw])([aʌäāiīuūeoŏĕɔæɛʌ̃ä̃ĩũī̃ū̃ẽõɔ̃e̤])([cspdtngkbrjyṇṣśṇɾṅñṃ])",
"%2w%4%5"
)
translit =
gsub(
translit,
"([aʌäāiīuūea̤eo̤ʌ̤ä̤ṳṳ̄i̤ī̤oŏĕɔæɛʌ̃ä̃ĩũī̃ū̃ẽõɔ̃e̤])([̤]?)(̃?)([ṃ]?)([iīūu])(̃?)([ṃ]?)",
"%1%2%3%4%5̯%6%7"
)
translit = gsub(translit, "([ʌaʌ̤a̤])([iu])̯̃", "ʌ̃%2̃")
translit = gsub(translit, "([āā̤ā̃aää̃ä̤ʌuūiīeʌ̃ãʌ̤a̤])̃([̤]?)([iuūī])̯", "%1̃%2%3̯̃")
translit = gsub(translit, "([aʌäāiīuūea̤eo̤ʌ̤ä̤ṳṳ̄i̤ī̤oŏĕɔæɛe̤])([̤]?)([iuūī])̯(̃)", "%1̃%2%3̯%4")
translit = gsub(translit, "%-", " ")
translit = gsub(translit, "r̥", "ri")
translit = syllabify(translit)
-- aspiration rules
translit = gsub(translit, aspirate .. "h", "%1ʰ")
translit = gsub(translit, weak_h, "%1ʱ")
translit = gsub(translit, "([" .. weak_h_c .. "])%.h", ".%1ʱ")
translit = gsub(translit, aspirate .. "%.h", ".%1ʰ")
translit = gsub(translit, "%.ː", "ː.")
local result = gsub(translit, ".", correspondences)
-- formatting
result = gsub(result, "ː̃", "̃ː")
result = gsub(result, "ː.̃", "̃ː.")
result = gsub(result, "([snmrfv])%1", "%1ː")
result = gsub(result, "t̪͡s", "t͡s")
result = gsub(result, "t̪̠", "t̠")
result = gsub(result, "d̪̠", "d̠")
result = gsub(result, "i̯̯", "i̯")
result = gsub(result, "u̯̯", "u̯")
result = gsub(result, "%. ", " ")
result = gsub(result, "%.$", " ")
result = gsub(result, "%.?%-", ".")
result = gsub(result, "t̪̚t͡s", "t̚t͡s")
result = gsub(result, "([ʌäaāiīuūe̞eo]̃)̃", "%1")
result = gsub(result, "ĩ̯̯̃", "ĩ̯")
result = gsub(result, "ĩ̯̯", "ĩ̯")
result = gsub(result, "d̪̚d̪͡z", "d̚d͡z")
result = gsub(result, "ʐʐ", "d̚d͡z")
result = gsub(result, "ʐ", "(d)z")
result = gsub(result, "ʀ", "ɽ̃")
result = gsub(result, "ː%.̃", "̃ː.")
return result
end
function export.make(frame)
local args = frame:getParent().args
local pagetitle = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text
local p, results = {}, {}
if args[1] then
for index, item in ipairs(args) do
table.insert(p, (item ~= "") and item or nil)
end
else
p = {pagetitle}
end
for _, Nepali in ipairs(p) do
table.insert(results, {pron = "[" .. export.toIPA(Nepali, true) .. "]"})
if export.toIPA(Nepali) ~= export.toIPA(Nepali, true) then
--table.insert(results, { pron = "[" .. export.toIPA(Nepali, true) .. "]" })
end
end
return m_IPA.format_IPA_full { lang = lang, items = results }
end
return export