Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rinnaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃r̥-néw-ti (“to flow, move, run”); outside of Germanic, it is also the source of Middle Irish rian (“river, way”), Proto-Slavic *rěka (“river”), Latin rivus (“stream”), Sanskrit ऋति (ṛti, “course, way”), रीणाति (rīṇāti, “causes to flow”) and Gaulish Rēnos (“that which flows”), which is the source of the German river Rhine.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈrin.nɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*rinnaną

1. to run, to rush (move quickly)
2. (of liquid) to flow

Inflection

Conjugation of *rinnaną (strong class 3)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*rinnō	*rinnaų	—	*rinnai	?
2nd singular	*rinnizi	*rinnaiz	*rinn	*rinnazai	*rinnaizau
3rd singular	*rinnidi	*rinnai	*rinnadau	*rinnadai	*rinnaidau
1st dual	*rinnōz	*rinnaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*rinnadiz	*rinnaidiz	*rinnadiz	—	—
1st plural	*rinnamaz	*rinnaim	—	*rinnandai	*rinnaindau
2nd plural	*rinnid	*rinnaid	*rinnid	*rinnandai	*rinnaindau
3rd plural	*rinnandi	*rinnain	*rinnandau	*rinnandai	*rinnaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*rann	*runnį̄
2nd singular	*rannt	*runnīz
3rd singular	*rann	*runnī
1st dual	*runnū	*runnīw
2nd dual	*runnudiz	*runnīdiz
1st plural	*runnum	*runnīm
2nd plural	*runnud	*runnīd
3rd plural	*runnun	*runnīn
	present	past
participles	*rinnandz	*runnanaz

Derived terms

• *birinnaną
• *randijō
• *rannijaną
• *runiz
• *runnōną

Descendants

Many of these descendants have taken the present stem ren- from the causative.

• Proto-West Germanic: *rinnan
  • Old English: rinnan, irnan, iernan, yrnan
    • Middle English: rennen
      • English: run, rin
      • Scots: rin
      • Yola: rhin, rin
  • Old Frisian: renna, rinna, runna
    • Saterland Frisian: rinne
    • West Frisian: rinne
  • Old Saxon: rinnan
    • Middle Low German: rinnen
      • Low German:
        • German Low German: rönnen
        • Westphalian:

          Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: rinnen

          Sauerländisch: rennen

          Westmünsterländisch: rennen, rannen

      • Plautdietsch: ranen
  • Old Dutch: rinnan
    • Middle Dutch: rinnen
      • Dutch: rinnen (obsolete), rennen
      • Limburgish: rinne, rènne
  • Old High German: rinnan
    • Middle High German: rinnen
      • German: rinnen
      • Luxembourgish: rënnen
• Old Norse: rinna, renna
  • Icelandic: renna
  • Faroese: renna
  • Norn: rinna
  • Norwegian: renne
  • Old Swedish: rinna
    • Swedish: rinna
  • Danish: rinde
  • Gutnish: rinne, rinn', rinna
  • Elfdalian: rinna
• Gothic: 𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 (rinnan)
  • → Latin: haliurunna (uncertain etymology, but possibly from *𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌾𐍉𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰 (*haljōrunna, “witch, one who travels to the netherworld”))