Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/otъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *at, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óti, from *h₁éti. Cognate with Lithuanian at- (“back, away”), Latvian at- (“back away”), Old Prussian at-, et- (“back, away”).

Preposition

*otъ

1. (with genitive) from, away from
2. (with genitive) originating from, starting from (a place or time), since
3. (with genitive) of, made of, consisting of
4. (with genitive) out of (a selection)
5. (with genitive) by (in passive; by the action of)

Usage notes

All languages except OCS, Russian, Sorbian and Bulgarian have generalized ot to od, which is the statistically more prevalent form due to word sandhi (i.e. before vowels, sonorants and voiced consonants), and which was reanalyzed as the basic, normal form.

Synonyms

• *jьz

Antonyms

• *do
• *kъ(n)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: отъ (otŭ)
    • Belarusian: ад (ad), ада (ada)
    • Russian: от (ot), ото (oto)
    • Ukrainian: від (vid)
  • Old Novgorodian: ѿ (ote)

• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: отъ (otŭ)

    Glagolitic script: ⱁⱅⱏ (otŭ)

  • Bulgarian: от (ot)
  • Macedonian: од (od)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: о̏д, о̏да

    Latin script: ȍd, ȍda

  • Slovene: od (tonal orthography)

• West Slavic:
  • Czech: od, ode
  • Polish: od, ode
  • Slovak: od, odo
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: wot, wote
    • Lower Sorbian: wót, wóte

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “от”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress