Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/huppōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈxup.pɔː.nɑ̃/

Etymology 1

From a pre-Germanic iterative *kuP-néh₂-(ye-)ti, usually derived from Proto-Indo-European *kewb-, *ḱewb- (“to bend; a bend, joint”). Compare Latin cubō (“I recline”), Ancient Greek κύβος (kúbos, “hollow in the hips”), Albanian sup (“shoulder”), Sanskrit शुप्ति (śúpti, “shoulder”).

However, according to Kroonen the root must be *kup- with final *p, in view of Middle Dutch hobben. Compare hobby, hub (with German Hubbel) and hump. Tentatively compare Ancient Greek κύπτω (kúptō, “to stoop, hunch”), Lithuanian kuprà (“hump”) and Old High German hofar, hofir (“hump”).

Verb

*huppōną

1. to move up and down; hop

Inflection

Conjugation of *huppōną (weak class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*huppō	*huppǭ	—	*huppōi	?
2nd singular	*huppōsi	*huppōs	*huppō	*huppōsai	*huppōsau
3rd singular	*huppōþi	*huppō	*huppōþau	*huppōþai	*huppōþau
1st dual	*huppōs	*huppōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*huppōþiz	*huppōþiz	*huppōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*huppōmaz	*huppōm	—	*huppōnþai	*huppōnþau
2nd plural	*huppōþ	*huppōþ	*huppōþ	*huppōnþai	*huppōnþau
3rd plural	*huppōnþi	*huppōn	*huppōnþau	*huppōnþai	*huppōnþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*huppōdǭ	*huppōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*huppōdēz	*huppōdēdīz
3rd singular	*huppōdē	*huppōdēdī
1st dual	*huppōdēdū	*huppōdēdīw
2nd dual	*huppōdēdudiz	*huppōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*huppōdēdum	*huppōdēdīm
2nd plural	*huppōdēdud	*huppōdēdīd
3rd plural	*huppōdēdun	*huppōdēdīn
	present	past
participles	*huppōndz	*huppōdaz

Alternative forms

• *hubbōną

Related terms

• *hupiz (“hip”) (possibly)
• *huppijaną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *huppōn, *hoppōn
  • Old English: hoppian
    • Middle English: hoppen; hobelen
      • English: hop; hobble
      • Scots: hop
  • Old Frisian: *huppia, *hoppia
    • Saterland Frisian: hupje, hopje
      • ⇒ Saterland Frisian: huppelje
    • West Frisian: hopje, hobje
  • Old Saxon: *huppōn, *hoppōn
    • Middle Low German: huppen; huppelen
      • German Low German: huppeln, hoppeln
  • Old Dutch: *hoppon, *hobbon
    • Middle Dutch: hoppen, hobben; hoppelen, hobbelen, hobelen; huppelen
      • Dutch: hoppen, hobben; hobbelen; huppelen
        • Afrikaans: hop; hobbel
  • Old High German: *hopfōn, *hoppōn (pp Central German and/or < bb)
    • Middle High German: hopfen, hoppen
      • German: hoppen (rare)
      • ⇒ Middle High German: hoppeln
        • German: hoppeln
    • ⇒ Old High German: hoppazzen
      • Middle High German: hoppezen, hopfzen
        • German: hopsen
          • → German Low German: hopsen
  • → Old French: hober, ober
    • ⇒ Old French: hobin, hobi, obin
      • Middle French: hobin, haubby, aubin
        • French: aubin
      • → Middle English: hobin, hobyn, hoby
        • English: hobby, hobbyhorse
• Old Norse: hoppa
  • Icelandic: hoppa
  • Faroese: hoppa
  • Norwegian: hoppe
  • Old Swedish: hoppa, huppa
    • Swedish: hoppa, (dialectal) hôpp
  • Danish: hoppe
• → Proto-Samic: *këppëtēk (see there for further descendants)

Etymology 2

A secondary zero grade iterative. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *kemp- (“to turn, bend”), assuming the -m- is a nasal infix.

Verb

*huppōną

1. to turn back, retreat
2. to step backwards

Inflection

Conjugation of *huppōną (weak class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*huppō	*huppǭ	—	*huppōi	?
2nd singular	*huppōsi	*huppōs	*huppō	*huppōsai	*huppōsau
3rd singular	*huppōþi	*huppō	*huppōþau	*huppōþai	*huppōþau
1st dual	*huppōs	*huppōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*huppōþiz	*huppōþiz	*huppōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*huppōmaz	*huppōm	—	*huppōnþai	*huppōnþau
2nd plural	*huppōþ	*huppōþ	*huppōþ	*huppōnþai	*huppōnþau
3rd plural	*huppōnþi	*huppōn	*huppōnþau	*huppōnþai	*huppōnþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*huppōdǭ	*huppōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*huppōdēz	*huppōdēdīz
3rd singular	*huppōdē	*huppōdēdī
1st dual	*huppōdēdū	*huppōdēdīw
2nd dual	*huppōdēdudiz	*huppōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*huppōdēdum	*huppōdēdīm
2nd plural	*huppōdēdud	*huppōdēdīd
3rd plural	*huppōdēdun	*huppōdēdīn
	present	past
participles	*huppōndz	*huppōdaz

Descendants

• ⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *andihupōn
  • Old English: onhupian
• Old Norse: hopa
  • Icelandic: hopa
  • Faroese: hopa
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: hoppa, hopa, hobba (dialectal)
  • Danish: hoppe (dialectal)