aithris

Irish

Pronunciation

• (Munster) IPA^(key): /ˈahɪɾʲɪʃ/

Etymology 1

From Old Irish aithris f (“relation; imitation”).

Noun

aithris f (genitive singular as substantive aithrise, genitive as verbal noun aithriste)

1. verbal noun of aithris
2. narration
3. imitation
4. mimicry

Declension

Verbal noun

Declension of aithris (second declension, no plural)

bare forms singular nominative aithris vocative a aithris genitive aithriste dative aithris forms with the definite article singular nominative an aithris genitive na haithriste dative leis an aithris don aithris

Substantive

Declension of aithris (second declension, no plural)

bare forms singular nominative aithris vocative a aithris genitive aithrise dative aithris forms with the definite article singular nominative an aithris genitive na haithrise dative leis an aithris don aithris

Alternative forms

• aithrist

Etymology 2

From Old Irish aithrisid (“repeats, tells; imitates”, verb), from aithris f.

Verb

aithris (present analytic aithrisíonn, future analytic aithriseoidh, verbal noun aithris, past participle aithriste) or
aithris (present analytic aithriseann, future analytic aithrisfidh, verbal noun aithris, past participle aithriste) (ambitransitive)

1. narrate, recite
2. imitate
3. mimic, mock

Conjugation

Conjugation of aithris (second conjugation)

indicative	singular			plural			direct relative	autonomous
	first	second	third	first	second	third
present	aithrisím	aithrisíonn tú; aithrisír†	aithrisíonn sé, sí	aithrisímid; aithrisíonn muid	aithrisíonn sibh	aithrisíonn siad; aithrisíd†	a aithrisíonn; a aithrisíos	aithrisítear
past	d'aithris mé; d'aithrisíos / aithris mé‡; aithrisíos‡	d'aithris tú; d'aithrisís / aithris tú‡; aithrisís‡	d'aithris sé, sí / aithris sé, sí‡	d'aithrisíomar; d'aithris muid / aithrisíomar‡; aithris muid‡	d'aithris sibh; d'aithrisíobhair / aithris sibh‡; aithrisíobhair‡	d'aithris siad; d'aithrisíodar / aithris siad‡; aithrisíodar‡	a d'aithris	aithrisíodh; haithrisíodh†
past habitual	d'aithrisínn / aithrisínn‡	d'aithrisíteá / aithrisíteá‡	d'aithrisíodh sé, sí / aithrisíodh sé, sí‡	d'aithrisímis; d'aithrisíodh muid / aithrisímis‡; aithrisíodh muid‡	d'aithrisíodh sibh / aithrisíodh sibh‡	d'aithrisídís; d'aithrisíodh / aithrisídís‡; aithrisíodh siad‡	a d'aithrisíodh	d'aithrisítí / aithrisítí‡
	singular			plural			direct relative	autonomous
	first	second	third	first	second	third
future	aithriseoidh mé; aithriseod; aithriseochaidh mé†	aithriseoidh tú; aithriseoir†; aithriseochaidh tú†	aithriseoidh sé, sí; aithriseochaidh sé, sí†	aithriseoimid; aithriseoidh muid; aithriseochaimid†; aithriseochaidh muid†	aithriseoidh sibh; aithriseochaidh sibh†	aithriseoidh siad; aithriseoid†; aithriseochaidh siad†	a aithriseoidh; a aithriseos; a aithriseochaidh†; a aithriseochas†	aithriseofar; aithriseochar†
conditional	d'aithriseoinn; d'aithriseochainn† / aithriseoinn‡; aithriseochainn†‡	d'aithriseofá; d'aithriseochthᆠ/ aithriseofá‡; aithriseochthᆇ	d'aithriseodh sé, sí; d'aithriseochadh sé, s토/ aithriseodh sé, sí‡; aithriseochadh sé, s톇	d'aithriseoimis; d'aithriseodh muid; d'aithriseochaimis†; d'aithriseochadh muid† / aithriseoimis‡; aithriseodh muid‡; aithriseochaimis†‡; aithriseochadh muid†‡	d'aithriseodh sibh; d'aithriseochadh sibh† / aithriseodh sibh‡; aithriseochadh sibh†‡	d'aithriseoidís; d'aithriseodh siad; d'aithriseochaidís†; d'aithriseochadh siad† / aithriseoidís‡; aithriseodh siad‡; aithriseochaidís†‡; aithriseochadh siad†‡	a d'aithriseodh; a d'aithriseochadh†	d'aithriseofaí; d'aithriseochtha토/ aithriseofaí‡; aithriseochtha톇
subjunctive	singular			plural			direct relative	autonomous
	first	second	third	first	second	third
present	go n-aithrisí mé; go n-aithrisíod†	go n-aithrisí tú; go n-aithrisír†	go n-aithrisí sé, sí	go n-aithrisímid; go n-aithrisí muid	go n-aithrisí sibh	go n-aithrisí siad; go n-aithrisíd†	—	go n-aithrisítear
past	dá n-aithrisínn	dá n-aithrisíteá	dá n-aithrisíodh sé, sí	dá n-aithrisímis; dá n-aithrisíodh muid	dá n-aithrisíodh sibh	dá n-aithrisídís; dá n-aithrisíodh siad	—	dá n-aithrisítí
imperative	singular			plural			direct relative	autonomous
	first	second	third	first	second	third
—	aithrisím	aithris	aithrisíodh sé, sí	aithrisímis	aithrisígí; aithrisídh†	aithrisídís	—	aithrisítear
past participle	aithriste
verbal noun	aithris

^† archaic or dialect form
^‡ dependent form

Alternative conjugation

Conjugation of aithris (first conjugation – B)

indicative	singular			plural			direct relative	autonomous
	first	second	third	first	second	third
present	aithrisim	aithriseann tú; aithrisir†	aithriseann sé, sí	aithrisimid; aithriseann muid	aithriseann sibh	aithriseann siad; aithrisid†	a aithriseann; a aithriseas	aithristear
past	d'aithris mé; d'aithriseas / aithris mé‡; aithriseas‡	d'aithris tú; d'aithrisis / aithris tú‡; aithrisis‡	d'aithris sé, sí / aithris sé, sí‡	d'aithriseamar; d'aithris muid / aithriseamar‡; aithris muid‡	d'aithris sibh; d'aithriseabhair / aithris sibh‡; aithriseabhair‡	d'aithris siad; d'aithriseadar / aithris siad; aithriseadar‡	a d'aithris	aithriseadh; haithriseadh†
past habitual	d'aithrisinn / aithrisinn‡	d'aithristeá / aithristeá‡	d'aithriseadh sé, sí / aithriseadh sé, sí‡	d'aithrisimis; d'aithriseadh muid / aithriseadh muid‡	d'aithriseadh sibh / aithriseadh sibh‡	d'aithrisidís; d'aithriseadh siad / aithrisidís‡; aithriseadh siad‡	a d'aithriseadh	d'aithristí / aithristí‡
	singular			plural			direct relative	autonomous
	first	second	third	first	second	third
future	aithrisfidh mé; aithrisfead	aithrisfidh tú; aithrisfir†	aithrisfidh sé, sí	aithrisfimid; aithrisfidh muid	aithrisfidh sibh	aithrisfidh siad; aithrisfid†	a aithrisfidh; a aithrisfeas	aithrisfear
conditional	d'aithrisfinn / aithrisfinn‡	d'aithrisfeá / aithrisfeá‡	d'aithrisfeadh sé, sí / aithrisfeadh sé, sí‡	d'aithrisfimis; d'aithrisfeadh muid / aithrisfimis‡; aithrisfeadh muid‡	d'aithrisfeadh sibh / aithrisfeadh sibh‡	d'aithrisfidís; d'aithrisfeadh siad / aithrisfidís‡; aithrisfeadh siad‡	a d'aithrisfeadh	d'aithrisfí / aithrisfí‡
subjunctive	singular			plural			direct relative	autonomous
	first	second	third	first	second	third
present	go n-aithrise mé; go n-aithrisead†	go n-aithrise tú; go n-aithrisir†	go n-aithrise sé, sí	go n-aithrisimid; go n-aithrise muid	go n-aithrise sibh	go n-aithrise siad; go n-aithrisid†	—	go n-aithristear
past	dá n-aithrisinn	dá n-aithristeá	dá n-aithriseadh sé, sí	dá n-aithrisimis; dá n-aithriseadh muid	dá n-aithriseadh sibh	dá n-aithrisidís; dá n-aithriseadh siad	—	dá n-aithristí
imperative	singular			plural			direct relative	autonomous
	first	second	third	first	second	third
—	aithrisim	aithris	aithriseadh sé, sí	aithrisimis	aithrisigí; aithrisidh†	aithrisidís	—	aithristear
past participle	aithriste
verbal noun	aithris

^† archaic or dialect form
^‡ dependent form

Derived terms

• aithriseach m (“talebearer”)
• aithriseach, aithrisiúil (“imitative; mocking; mimetic”, adjective)
• aithriseoir m (“reciter; imitator; mimic”)
• scigaithris f (“parody”)

Mutation

Mutated forms of aithris

radical	eclipsis	with h-prothesis	with t-prothesis
aithris	n-aithris	haithris	not applicable

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “aithris”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904), “aiṫris”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 22
• Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904), “aiṫrisim”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 22

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish aithris (“act of telling, relating; relation, account; act of imitating, copying; imitation; example”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈaɾʲɪʃ/
• Hyphenation: aith‧ris

Verb

aithris (past dh'aithris, future aithrisidh, verbal noun aithris, past participle aithriste)

1. report, relate, recite, allege, repeat
2. narrate, enunciate, rehearse
3. quote, tell
4. imitate

Conjugation

Conjugation of aithris (regular)

stem		aithris
verbal noun		aithris
past participle		aithriste
		independent		dependent
		active	passive	active	passive
past		dh'aithris	dh'aithriseadh	dh'aithris	dh'aithriseadh
future		aithrisidh	aithrisear aithristear	aithris	aithrisear aithristear
conditional	1st singular	dh'aithrisinn	dh'aithristeadh dh'aithrisist1 dh'aithrisiste1	aithrisinn	aithristeadh aithrisist1 aithrisiste1
	1st plural	dh'aithriseamaid dh'aithriseadh sinn		aithriseamaid aithriseadh sinn
	2nd & 3rd	dh'aithriseadh		aithriseadh
relative future		dh'aithriseas	dh'aithrisear
imperative	1st singular	aithriseam	aithrisear aithristear
	2nd singular	aithris
	3rd singular	aithriseadh
	1st plural	aithriseamaid
	2nd plural	aithrisibh
	3rd plural	aithriseadh

¹ Lewis dialect form

Combined conjugation of aithris (regular)

stem		aithris
verbal noun		aithris
past participle		aithriste
		singular			plural			impersonal
		first	second	third m/f	first	second	third
independent	past	dh'aithris mi	dh'aithris tu	dh'aithris e/i	dh'aithris sinn	dh'aithris sibh	dh'aithris iad	dh'aithriseadh
	future	aithrisidh mi	aithrisidh tu	aithrisidh e/i	aithrisidh sinn	aithrisidh sibh	aithrisidh iad	aithrisear aithristear
	conditional	dh'aithrisinn	dh'aithriseadh tu	dh'aithriseadh e/i	dh'aithriseamaid dh'aithriseadh sinn	dh'aithriseadh sibh	dh'aithriseadh iad	dh'aithristeadh dh'aithrisist1 dh'aithrisiste1
negative	past	cha do dh'aithris mi	cha do dh'aithris tu	cha do dh'aithris e/i	cha do dh'aithris sinn	cha do dh'aithris sibh	cha do dh'aithris iad	cha do dh'aithriseadh
	future	chan aithris mi	chan aithris tu	chan aithris e/i	chan aithris sinn	chan aithris sibh	chan aithris iad	chan aithrisear chan aithristear
	conditional	chan aithrisinn	chan aithriseadh tu	chan aithriseadh e/i	chan aithriseamaid chan aithriseadh sinn	chan aithriseadh sibh	chan aithriseadh iad	chan aithristeadh chan aithrisist1 chan aithrisiste1
affirmative interrogative	past	an do dh'aithris mi?	an do dh'aithris tu?	an do dh'aithris e/i?	an do dh'aithris sinn?	an do dh'aithris sibh?	an do dh'aithris iad?	an do dh'aithriseadh?
	future	an aithris mi?	an aithris tu?	an aithris e/i?	an aithris sinn?	an aithris sibh?	an aithris iad?	an aithrisear? an aithristear?
	conditional	an aithrisinn?	an aithriseadh tu?	an aithriseadh e/i?	an aithriseamaid? an aithriseadh sinn?	an aithriseadh sibh?	an aithriseadh iad?	an aithristeadh? an aithrisist?1 an aithrisiste?1
negative interrogative	past	nach do dh'aithris mi?	nach do dh'aithris tu?	nach do dh'aithris e/i?	nach do dh'aithris sinn?	nach do dh'aithris sibh?	nach do dh'aithris iad?	nach do dh'aithriseadh?
	future	nach aithris mi?	nach aithris tu?	nach aithris e/i?	nach aithris sinn?	nach aithris sibh?	nach aithris iad?	nach aithrisear? nach aithristear?
	conditional	nach aithrisinn?	nach aithriseadh tu?	nach aithriseadh e/i?	nach aithriseamaid? nach aithriseadh sinn?	nach aithriseadh sibh?	nach aithriseadh iad?	nach aithristeadh? nach aithrisist?1 nach aithrisiste?1
relative future	affirmative	(ma) dh'aithriseas mi	(ma) dh'aithriseas tu	(ma) dh'aithriseas e/i	(ma) dh'aithriseas sinn	(ma) dh'aithriseas sibh	(ma) dh'aithriseas iad	(ma) dh'aithrisear
	negative	(mur) aithris mi	(mur) aithris tu	(mur) aithris e/i	(mur) aithris sinn	(mur) aithris sibh	(mur) aithris iad	(mur) aithrisear (mur) aithristear
imperative		aithriseam	aithris	aithriseadh e/i	aithriseamaid	aithrisibh	aithriseadh iad	aithrisear aithristear

¹ Lewis dialect form

Derived terms

• aithris-leabhar (“commonplace book, notebook, day-book”)
• ath-aithris (“repeat, imitate”)
• atharrais (“re-tell, imitate”)
• mì-aithris (“miscite”)
• roimh-aithris (“previously rehearse; forebode, foretell”)

Noun

aithris f (genitive singular aithrise, plural aithrisean)

1. verbal noun of aithris
2. report, allegation, narration, narrative
3. recitation, rehearsal, recital
4. report, statement
5. imitation
6. tradition, tale

Declension

Declension of aithris (class IIb feminine noun)

indefinite
	singular	plural
nominative	aithris	aithrisean
genitive	aithrise, aithris	aithrisean
dative	aithris	aithrisean; aithrisibh1
definite
	singular	plural
nominative	(an) aithris	(na) h-aithrisean
genitive	(na) h-aithrise, h-aithris	(nan) aithrisean
dative	(an) aithris	(na) h-aithrisean; h-aithrisibh1
vocative	aithris	aithrisean

¹ archaic or poetic form

Derived terms

• às-aithris (“quotation”)
• beul-aithris (“oral representation or tradition”)
• buaidh-aithriseach (“attributive”)
• feall-aithris (“pretence”)
• fìor-aithris (“veracity, speaking of truth, true tale”)
• roimh-aithris (“previous rehearsal; foreboding, foretelling”)

References

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “aithris”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Edward Dwelly (1911), “aithris”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN