Egyptian
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Noun
m
The soul or personality of a being, which, in Egyptian belief survived after death but needed to be sustained with offerings of food; ba .
Inflection
Declension of bꜣ (masculine)
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of bꜣ
Derived terms
bꜣw ( “ the dead (as a collective) ” )
Descendants
Coptic: ⲃⲁⲓ ( bai ) "screech-owl, night raven, spirit"
Etymology 2
Noun
m
ram
Inflection
Declension of bꜣ (masculine)
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of bꜣ
Descendants
Coptic: ⲃⲁⲁⲙⲡⲉ ( baampe ) bꜣ ꜥꜣ n pt "he-goat of heaven")
Etymology 3
Noun
m
leopard
Inflection
Declension of bꜣ (masculine)
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of bꜣ
Noun
m
leopard skin
Inflection
Declension of bꜣ (masculine)
Etymology 4
Verb
2-lit.
( intransitive ) animate , to possess a ba
Inflection
Conjugation of bꜣ (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: bꜣ , geminated stem: bꜣꜣ
infinitival forms
imperative
infinitive
negatival complement
complementary infinitive1
singular
plural
bꜣ bꜣw , bꜣ bꜣt bꜣ , j.bꜣ bꜣ , j.bꜣ
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem
periphrastic imperfective 2
periphrastic prospective 2
bꜣ ḥr bꜣ m bꜣ r bꜣ
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood
active
contingent
aspect / mood
active
perfect
bꜣ.n consecutive
bꜣ.jn
terminative
bꜣt
perfective 3
bꜣ obligative1
bꜣ.ḫr
imperfective
bꜣ , j.bꜣ 1
prospective 3
bꜣ potentialis1
bꜣ.kꜣ
subjunctive
bꜣ , j.bꜣ 1
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
participles
active
active
passive
perfect
bꜣ.n —
—
perfective
bꜣ bꜣ bꜣꜣ , bꜣꜣj 6 , bꜣ 2 , bꜣw 2 5 , bꜣy 2 5
imperfective
j.bꜣ 1 , bꜣ , bꜣy , bꜣw 5 j.bꜣ 1 , j.bꜣw 1 5 , bꜣ , bꜣj 6 , bꜣy 6 bꜣ , bꜣw 5
prospective
bꜣ , bꜣtj 7 bꜣtj 4 , bꜣt 4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f .fj .s .sj .sn .snj .sn
Only in the masculine singular.
Only in the masculine.
Only in the feminine.
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of bꜣ
Etymology 5
Perhaps from root consonants b-l .
Verb
2-lit.
( transitive ) hoe ( transitive ) destroy
Inflection
Conjugation of bꜣ (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: bꜣ , geminated stem: bꜣꜣ
infinitival forms
imperative
infinitive
negatival complement
complementary infinitive1
singular
plural
bꜣ bꜣw , bꜣ bꜣt bꜣ , j.bꜣ bꜣ , j.bꜣ
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem
periphrastic imperfective 2
periphrastic prospective 2
bꜣ ḥr bꜣ m bꜣ r bꜣ
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood
active
passive
contingent
aspect / mood
active
passive
perfect
bꜣ.n bꜣw , bꜣ consecutive
bꜣ.jn active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
terminative
bꜣt
perfective 3
bꜣ active + .tj 1 , .tw 2 obligative1
bꜣ.ḫr active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
imperfective
bꜣ , j.bꜣ 1 active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
prospective 3
bꜣ bꜣꜣ potentialis1
bꜣ.kꜣ active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
subjunctive
bꜣ , j.bꜣ 1 active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
participles
active
passive
active
passive
perfect
bꜣ.n active + .tj 1 , .tw 2 —
—
perfective
bꜣ active + .tj 1 , .tw 2 bꜣ bꜣꜣ , bꜣꜣj 6 , bꜣ 2 , bꜣw 2 5 , bꜣy 2 5
imperfective
j.bꜣ 1 , bꜣ , bꜣy , bꜣw 5 active + .tj 1 , .tw 2 j.bꜣ 1 , j.bꜣw 1 5 , bꜣ , bꜣj 6 , bꜣy 6 bꜣ , bꜣw 5
prospective
bꜣ , bꜣtj 7 —
bꜣtj 4 , bꜣt 4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f .fj .s .sj .sn .snj .sn
Only in the masculine singular.
Only in the masculine.
Only in the feminine.
References
