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calx

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

English

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English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology

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From Latin calx (“lime”). Doublet of cauk and chalk.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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calx (plural calces or calxes)

  1. (now chiefly historical) The substance which remains after a metal or mineral has been thoroughly burnt, once seen as being the essential substance left after the expulsion of phlogiston, but now recognised as being the metallic oxide (or, in some cases, the metal in a state of sublimation).
    • 1796, Erasmus Darwin, “[Class III. Diseases of Volition.] Ordo I. Increased Volition. Genus II. With Increased Actions of the Organs of Sense.”, in Zoonomia; or, The Laws of Organic Life, volume II, London: […] J[oseph] Johnson, […], →OCLC, paragraph 12, page 375:
      [S]ome ladies apply to what are termed coſmetics under various names, which crowd the newspapers. Of theſe the white has deſtroyed the health of thouſands; a calx, or magiſtery, of biſmuth is ſuppoſed to be ſold in the ſhops for this purpoſe; but it is either, I am informed, in part or entirely white lead or ceruffa. […] The real calx of biſmuth would probably have the ſame ill effect.
    • 2004, Robert E Schofield, The Enlightened Joseph Priestley, Pennsylvania State University, page 179:
      The regeneration of mercury from its calx, without addition of any other substance, had been a chief example for anti-phlogiston, but that could, as Kirwan showed, be explained in a way consistent with phlogiston theory.
  2. In the Eton College wall game, an area at the end of the field where a shy can be scored by lifting the ball against the wall with one's foot.

Translations

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The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Latin

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Latin Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia la

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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De Vaan's claim of substrate origin[1] is implausible given Sanskrit कर्कर (karkara, “limestone, bone”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “this fails to disprove the rebuttal whatsoever given that there's not even a webpage explaining the etymon of the Sanskrit term on this webpage”

See also Ancient Greek χάλιξ (khálix, “pebble”).

Noun

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calx f (genitive calcis); third declension

  1. limestone
  2. chalk
  3. the finish line
Declension
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Third-declension noun (i-stem).

singular plural
nominative calx calcēs
genitive calcis calcium
dative calcī calcibus
accusative calcem calcēs
calcīs
ablative calce calcibus
vocative calx calcēs
Derived terms
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Descendants
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Borrowings

Etymology 2

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Uncertain, with possibilities including:[2]

Noun

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calx f (genitive calcis); third declension

  1. (anatomy) heel (of the foot)
    Synonyms: tālus, (Medieval Latin) tālō
Declension
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Third-declension noun (i-stem).

singular plural
nominative calx calcēs
genitive calcis calcium
dative calcī calcibus
accusative calcem calcēs
calcīs
ablative calce calcibus
vocative calx calcēs
Derived terms
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Descendants
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References

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  1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “calx, -cis 'lime, limestone'”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 86
  2. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “calx, -cis 'heel; hoof'”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 86
  3. ^ Douglas Harper (2001–2026), “calcaneus”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
  4. ^ Schrijver, P. (2024). The Reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European Laryngeals in Latin. Netherlands: Brill, p. 207
  5. ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 323

Further reading

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  • (limestone) “calx”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • (limestone) “calx”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • (heel) “calx”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • (heel) “calx”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • "calx", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • “calx”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
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