crusade

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See also: Crusade

English

Alternative forms

(medieval history): Crusade

Etymology

From French croisade, introduced in English (in the French spelling) by 1575. The modern spelling emerges c. 1760. Middle French croisade is introduced in the 15th century, based on Spanish cruzada (late 14th century) and Old Occitan crozada (early 13th century), both reflecting Lua error in Module:parameters at line 290: Parameter 2 should be a valid language, etymology language or family code; the value "Medieval Latin" is not valid. See WT:LOL, WT:LOL/E and WT:LOF., cruxiata, the feminine singular of the adjective cruciātus used as an abstract noun.

Adjectival cruciātus originally meant "tormented; crucified", but from the 12th century was also used for "marked with a cross; making the sign of the cross" and eventually "taking the cross" in the sense of "going on a crusade".

Old Occitan crozada is used in the sense "[the Albigensian] crusade" in the Song of the Albigensian crusade, written c. 1213. From vernacular usage, Middle Latin cruciāta also comes to be used in the sense "crusade" from about 1270.

Pronunciation

Noun

crusade (plural crusades)

  1. (historical) Any of the military expeditions undertaken by the Christians of Europe in the 11th to 13th centuries to reconquer the Levant from the Muslims.
    During the crusades, many Muslims and Christians and Jews were slaughtered.
  2. Any war instigated and blessed by the Church for alleged religious ends. Especially, papal sanctioned military campaigns against infidels or heretics.
  3. (figuratively) A grand concerted effort toward some purportedly worthy cause.
    a crusade against drug abuse
  4. (politics, Protestantism, dated) A mass gathering in a political campaign or during a religious revival effort.
  5. (archaic) A Portuguese coin; a crusado.

Derived terms

Translations

Verb

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  1. (intransitive) To go on a military crusade.
  2. (intransitive) To make a grand concerted effort toward some purportedly worthy cause.
    He crusaded against similar injustices for the rest of his life.

Translations

See also

References

Further reading

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