cudo

See also: čudo and чудо

Latin

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈkuː.doː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈkuː.do]

Etymology 1

From Proto-Italic *kūdō, from Proto-Indo-European *kewh₂- (“to strike, hew, forge”).

Verb

cūdō (present infinitive cūdere, perfect active cūdī, supine cūsum); third conjugation

1. to strike, beat, pound, knock
2. to stamp, coin (money)

Conjugation

   Conjugation of cūdō (third conjugation)

indicative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	cūdō		cūdis		cūdit		cūdimus		cūditis		cūdunt
	imperfect	cūdēbam		cūdēbās		cūdēbat		cūdēbāmus		cūdēbātis		cūdēbant
	future	cūdam		cūdēs		cūdet		cūdēmus		cūdētis		cūdent
	perfect	cūdī		cūdistī		cūdit		cūdimus		cūdistis		cūdērunt, cūdēre
	pluperfect	cūderam		cūderās		cūderat		cūderāmus		cūderātis		cūderant
	future perfect	cūderō		cūderis		cūderit		cūderimus		cūderitis		cūderint
passive	present	cūdor		cūderis, cūdere		cūditur		cūdimur		cūdiminī		cūduntur
	imperfect	cūdēbar		cūdēbāris, cūdēbāre		cūdēbātur		cūdēbāmur		cūdēbāminī		cūdēbantur
	future	cūdar		cūdēris, cūdēre		cūdētur		cūdēmur		cūdēminī		cūdentur
	perfect	cūsus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	cūsus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	cūsus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	cūdam		cūdās		cūdat		cūdāmus		cūdātis		cūdant
	imperfect	cūderem		cūderēs		cūderet		cūderēmus		cūderētis		cūderent
	perfect	cūderim		cūderīs		cūderit		cūderīmus		cūderītis		cūderint
	pluperfect	cūdissem		cūdissēs		cūdisset		cūdissēmus		cūdissētis		cūdissent
passive	present	cūdar		cūdāris, cūdāre		cūdātur		cūdāmur		cūdāminī		cūdantur
	imperfect	cūderer		cūderēris, cūderēre		cūderētur		cūderēmur		cūderēminī		cūderentur
	perfect	cūsus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	cūsus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	—		cūde		—		—		cūdite		—
	future	—		cūditō		cūditō		—		cūditōte		cūduntō
passive	present	—		cūdere		—		—		cūdiminī		—
	future	—		cūditor		cūditor		—		—		cūduntor
non-finite forms		infinitive						participle
		active			passive			active			passive
present		cūdere			cūdī			cūdēns			—
future		cūsūrum esse			cūsum īrī			cūsūrus			cūdendus, cūdundus
perfect		cūdisse			cūsum esse			—			cūsus
future perfect		—			cūsum fore			—			—
perfect potential		cūsūrum fuisse			—			—			—
verbal nouns		gerund								supine
		genitive		dative		accusative		ablative		accusative		ablative
		cūdendī		cūdendō		cūdendum		cūdendō		cūsum		cūsū

Derived terms

• incūs

Etymology 2

Unknown, presumably a loanword. Compare Proto-Germanic *hōdaz (“a hood, soft covering for the head”) from Proto-Indo-European *kadʰ- (“to cover”), Persian خود (xud, “helmet”).

Noun

cūdō m (genitive cūdōnis); third declension (dis legomenon)

1. helmet
   • c. 100 CE, Silius Italicus, Punica 8.493–494:

     spīcula bīna gerunt. capitī cūdōne ferīnō sat cautum.

     They bear two javelins. The head protected sufficiently by an iron helmet.

   • c. 100 CE, Silius Italicus, Punica 16.59–60:

     Scīpiō contorquēns hastam, cūdōne comantīs disiēcit crīnīs.

     Scipio, wielding the spear, drove the long hair asunder from the helmet.

Declension

Third-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	cūdō	cūdōnēs
genitive	cūdōnis	cūdōnum
dative	cūdōnī	cūdōnibus
accusative	cūdōnem	cūdōnēs
ablative	cūdōne	cūdōnibus
vocative	cūdō	cūdōnēs

Synonyms

• cassis

References

• “cudo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “cudo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "cudo", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “cudo”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Ernout, Alfred; Meillet, Antoine (1985), “cudo”, in Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue latine: histoire des mots‎^[1] (in French), 4th edition, with additions and corrections of Jacques André, Paris: Klincksieck, published 2001, page 155
• “cudo”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• cudo in Ramminger, Johann (16 July 2016 (last accessed)), Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎^[2], pre-publication website, 2005-2016
• “cudo”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

Old Polish

Alternative forms

• czudo

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *kewd-

Proto-Indo-European *kéwdos

Proto-Balto-Slavic *kjáudas

Proto-Slavic *čùdo

Old Polish cudo

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *čùdo. First attested in the 14th century. This form is a result of Mazuration.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /t͡sʲudɔ/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /t͡sʲudɔ/

Noun

cudo n

1. (attested in Lesser Poland) miracle
   • c. 1301-1350, Kazania świętokrzyskie‎^{scan transliteration, transcription}, Miechów, page cv 25:

     Pismo togo croleuicha... naziua crolem luda zidowskego... w yego ucesnem uelikih chud cyneny

     [Pismo togo krolewica... nazywa krolem luda żydowskiego... w jego uciesznem wielikich cud czynieni]

   • Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa‎^[3], page 172:

     Mateus, Marcus, Lucas, Joannes... niektore cuda i dziwy opuścili (obmittentes virtutes et miracula)

     [Mateus, Marcus, Lucas, Joannes... niektore cuda i dziwy opuścili (obmittentes virtutes et miracula)]

   • 1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter]‎^{scan transliteration, transcription}, numbers 77, 48, Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament]:

     Poloszil... znamona swoia y czuda swoia (posuit... signa sua et prodigia sua) w polu Taneos

     [Położył... znamiona swoja i cuda swoja (posuit... signa sua et prodigia sua) w polu Taneos]

2. oddity (something strange)
   • Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa‎^[4], page 72:

     Jeden s tych krolow [widział] strozą chował w domu..., a gdyż juże... sniosł jajca, tedy wielikie cudo stało sie s tych jajec (monstrum exit ab ovis), bo z jednego wyskoczył lew, a z drugiego baran

     [Jeden z tych krolow [widział] strusa chował w domu..., a gdyż juże... sniosł jajca, tedy wielikie cudo stało sie s tych jajec (monstrum exit ab ovis), bo z jednego wyskoczył lew, a z drugiego baran]

Descendants

• Polish: cudo

References

• Bożena Sieradzka-Baziur, et al., editors (2011–2015), “cudo”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

Polish

Alternative forms

• cędo (Przemyśl)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *kewd-

Proto-Indo-European *kéwdos

Proto-Balto-Slavic *kjáudas

Proto-Slavic *čùdo

Old Polish cudo

Polish cudo

Inherited from Old Polish cudo.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ˈt͡su.dɔ/

• (Lesser Poland):
  • (Lasovia) IPA^(key): [ˈt͡su.dɔ]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -udɔ
• Syllabification: cu‧do

Noun

cudo n (diminutive cudeńko)

1. wonder, marvel (something considered amazing)

Declension

Declension of cudo

	singular	plural
nominative	cudo	cuda
genitive	cuda	cudów
dative	cudu	cudom
accusative	cudo	cuda
instrumental	cudem	cudami
locative	cudzie	cudach
vocative	cudo	cuda

Further reading

• “cudo”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego‎^[5] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• “cudo”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎^[6] (in Polish)
• Oskar Kolberg (1865), “cuda”, in Lud. Jego zwyczaje, sposób życia, mowa, podania, przysłowia, obrzędy, gusła, zabawy, pieśni, muzyka i tańce. Serya II. Sandomierskie (in Polish), page 261
• Józefa Kobylińska (2001), “cudo”, in Marian Kucała, editor, Słownik gwary gorczańskiej (zagórzańskiej)‎^[7] (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Akademii Pedagogicznej, →ISBN, page 22