deviņi
Latvian
Etymology
From a previous undeclinable Eastern Baltic *dewin-, from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Proto-Baltic *newin- (changed by analogy with septiņi, astoņi, from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Proto-Baltic *aštō-), from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Proto-Indo-European *h₁néwn̥, *néwn̥ (“nine”), probably from the same stem as *néwos- (“new”): apparently (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Proto-Indo-European had a base 4 numeric system, so that, after two 4's (= 8), 9 was the first (“new”) to be part of a complex numeral (compare Ossetian фараст (farast, “nine”) = фар (far, “over”) + аст (ast, “eight”)). The initial d in Eastern Baltic and Slavic is usually explained as dissimilation, given the two n's in *newin-, probably also under the influence of the initial d in desmit. A more recent suggestion is that Proto-Indo-European *néwn̥ < *h₁néwn̥, in which the h₁n sequence would yield an articulation similar to a d. This would have led to dialectal variation (*néwn, *déwn), with both forms preserved in parallel, the former giving rise to the Eastern Baltic terms, the latter to their (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Old Prussian counterpart. Cognates include Lithuanian devynì, Old Prussian newīnts (“ninth”), Old Church Slavonic девѧть (devętĭ), (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Russian, (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Ukrainian де́вять (dévjatʹ), Belarusian дзе́вяць (dzjévjacʹ), Bulgarian де́вет (dévet), Czech devět, Polish dziewięć, (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Gothic, (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Old High German 𐌽𐌹𐌿𐌽 (niun), German neun, English nine, Sanskrit नवन् (návan), Ancient Greek ἐννέα (ennéa) (< *en néwa), Latin novem, (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Tocharian A, (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Tocharian B ñu.[1]
Pronunciation
< 8 | 9 | 10 > |
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Cardinal : deviņi Ordinal : devītais Multiplier : deviņreiz Nominal : deviņnieks Fractional : devītdaļa | ||
Latvian Wikipedia article on 9 (skaitlis) |
Audio: | (file) |
Numeral
deviņi
- nine (the cipher, the cardinal number nine)
- skaitīt līdz deviņi ― to count to nine
- četri un pieci ir deviņi ― four plus five is nine
- trīsreiz trīs ir deviņi ― three times three is nine
- uzrakstīt ciparu deviņi ― to write the number nine
- no deviņiem atņemt četrus ― to subtract four from nine
- nine (an amount equal to nine)
- samaksāt deviņus latus ― to pay nine lats
- deviņi kilogrami ― nine kilos
- deviņas grāmatas ― nine books
- nine o'clock (a moment in time; nine hours after midnight, or after noon)
- pulkstenis ir deviņi ― it is nine o'clock
- darbs sākas deviņos ― work begins at nine o'clock
- seanss sākas deviņos vakarā ― the seance begins at nine o'clock in the evening
- viņš gaidīja līdz deviņiem ― he waited until nine o'clock
Declension
masculine (vīriešu dzimte) | feminine (sieviešu dzimte) | |
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nominative (nominatīvs) | deviņi | deviņas |
accusative (akuzatīvs) | deviņus | deviņas |
genitive (ģenitīvs) | deviņu | deviņu |
dative (datīvs) | deviņiem | deviņām |
instrumental (instrumentālis) | deviņiem | deviņām |
locative (lokatīvs) | deviņos | deviņās |
vocative (vokatīvs) | — | — |
Coordinate terms
See also
References
- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “deviņi”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN