ハイカラ
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Japanese[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Shortened from ハイカラー (haikarā), from English high collar,[1][2] referring to the high collars of Japanese men imitating the Western fashion of the late 19th century.
Pronunciation[edit]
Adjective[edit]
ハイカラ • (haikara) -na (adnominal ハイカラな (haikara na na), adverbial ハイカラに (haikara ni ni))
- (dated) trendy and Western
- (dated) fashionable, stylish
- (dated) modern, new
- (dated) Westernized
- of a style characteristic of the Western influence in the Meiji and Taishō periods
Usage notes[edit]
Originally coined as a derisive term for Japanese people who imitated Western trends and fashions, the word then gained positive connotations of stylishness and modernity by those who saw Westernization as the way forward for Japanese society. In modern Japanese the term is somewhat dated and evokes an earlier time when everything Western was still exotic and progressive.
Inflection[edit]
Inflection of ハイカラ
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | ハイカラだろ | haikara daro | |
| Continuative (連用形) | ハイカラで | haikara de | |
| Terminal (終止形) | ハイカラだ | haikara da | |
| Attributive (連体形) | ハイカラな | haikara na | |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | ハイカラなら | haikara nara | |
| Imperative (命令形) | ハイカラであれ | haikara de are | |
| Key constructions | |||
| Informal negative | ハイカラではない ハイカラじゃない |
haikara de wa nai haikara ja nai | |
| Informal past | ハイカラだった | haikara datta | |
| Informal negative past | ハイカラではなかった ハイカラじゃなかった |
haikara de wa nakatta haikara ja nakatta | |
| Formal | ハイカラです | haikara desu | |
| Formal negative | ハイカラではありません ハイカラじゃありません |
haikara de wa arimasen haikara ja arimasen | |
| Formal past | ハイカラでした | haikara deshita | |
| Formal negative past | ハイカラではありませんでした ハイカラじゃありませんでした |
haikara de wa arimasen deshita haikara ja arimasen deshita | |
| Conjunctive | ハイカラで | haikara de | |
| Conditional | ハイカラなら（ば） | haikara nara (ba) | |
| Provisional | ハイカラだったら | haikara dattara | |
| Volitional | ハイカラだろう | haikara darō | |
| Adverbial | ハイカラに | haikara ni | |
| Degree | ハイカラさ | haikarasa | |
References[edit]
- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN